TY - JOUR
T1 - Wind wave growth in the viscous regime
AU - Wu, Jiarong
AU - Deike, Luc
N1 - Funding Information:
This work has been supported by NSF Grant 1849762 (Physical Oceanography). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which have helped improve the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
©2021 American Physical Society.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - We investigate the growth of short gravity-capillary waves due to wind forcing, solving the two-phase Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical method features a momentum conserving scheme, interface reconstruction using volume of fluid, and adaptive mesh refinement. A 2D laminar wind profile is used to force short gravity-capillary waves in the viscous regime, and the growth of the wave amplitude and subsurface drift layer are analyzed. The threshold for wave growth is found to depend on a balance between the growth rate and viscous dissipation rate, while the wave growth for all data can be described as a scaling depending on wind stress and a viscous correction accounting for the growth threshold. Together with the wave growth, the subsurface drift layer develops and can be described in terms of a similarity solution. The nonlinear stage of wave growth is discussed for increasing wavelength, and we recover steep capillary waves, parasitic capillary waves, and spilling breakers depending on the ratio of gravity to surface tension forces.
AB - We investigate the growth of short gravity-capillary waves due to wind forcing, solving the two-phase Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical method features a momentum conserving scheme, interface reconstruction using volume of fluid, and adaptive mesh refinement. A 2D laminar wind profile is used to force short gravity-capillary waves in the viscous regime, and the growth of the wave amplitude and subsurface drift layer are analyzed. The threshold for wave growth is found to depend on a balance between the growth rate and viscous dissipation rate, while the wave growth for all data can be described as a scaling depending on wind stress and a viscous correction accounting for the growth threshold. Together with the wave growth, the subsurface drift layer develops and can be described in terms of a similarity solution. The nonlinear stage of wave growth is discussed for increasing wavelength, and we recover steep capillary waves, parasitic capillary waves, and spilling breakers depending on the ratio of gravity to surface tension forces.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.094801
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.094801
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85114695979
SN - 2469-990X
VL - 6
JO - Physical Review Fluids
JF - Physical Review Fluids
IS - 9
M1 - 094801
ER -