TY - JOUR
T1 - Viscoplastic Matrix Materials for Embedded 3D Printing
AU - Grosskopf, Abigail K.
AU - Truby, Ryan L.
AU - Kim, Hyoungsoo
AU - Perazzo, Antonio
AU - Lewis, Jennifer A.
AU - Stone, Howard A.
N1 - Funding Information:
*E-mail: jalewis@harvard.seas.edu. Phone: (609) 258-9493. Fax: (609) 258-6109(J.A.L.). *E-mail: hastone@princeton.edu (H.A.S.). ORCID Hyoungsoo Kim: 0000-0002-2393-723X Jennifer A. Lewis: 0000-0002-0280-2774 Howard A. Stone: 0000-0002-9670-0639 Present Address Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (A.K.G.). Author Contributions A.K.G., R.L.T., J.A.L., and H.A.S. designed the research. A.K.G. performed rheology and PIV experiments. R.L.T. performed EMB3D printing demonstrations. H.K. helped to set up and analyze PIV experiments. A.P. helped to set up and analyze rheology experiments. All authors contributed toward writing the manuscript. Funding A.K.G. thanks the Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science for the funding of this project as part of her senior thesis. J.A.L. and R.L.T. gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF-supported Harvard Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF DMR 14-20570) and the GETTYLAB. Notes The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): J.A.L. is a cofounder of Voxel8, Inc., a multimaterial 3D printing company.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2018/7/11
Y1 - 2018/7/11
N2 - Embedded three-dimensional (EMB3D) printing is an emerging technique that enables free-form fabrication of complex architectures. In this approach, a nozzle is translated omnidirectionally within a soft matrix that surrounds and supports the patterned material. To optimize print fidelity, we have investigated the effects of matrix viscoplasticity on the EMB3D printing process. Specifically, we determine how matrix composition, print path and speed, and nozzle diameter affect the yielded region within the matrix. By characterizing the velocity and strain fields and analyzing the dimensions of the yielded regions, we determine that scaling relationships based on the Oldroyd number, Od, exist between these dimensions and the rheological properties of the matrix materials and printing parameters. Finally, we use EMB3D printing to create complex architectures within an elastomeric silicone matrix. Our methods and findings will both facilitate future characterization of viscoplastic matrices and motivate the development of new materials for EMB3D printing.
AB - Embedded three-dimensional (EMB3D) printing is an emerging technique that enables free-form fabrication of complex architectures. In this approach, a nozzle is translated omnidirectionally within a soft matrix that surrounds and supports the patterned material. To optimize print fidelity, we have investigated the effects of matrix viscoplasticity on the EMB3D printing process. Specifically, we determine how matrix composition, print path and speed, and nozzle diameter affect the yielded region within the matrix. By characterizing the velocity and strain fields and analyzing the dimensions of the yielded regions, we determine that scaling relationships based on the Oldroyd number, Od, exist between these dimensions and the rheological properties of the matrix materials and printing parameters. Finally, we use EMB3D printing to create complex architectures within an elastomeric silicone matrix. Our methods and findings will both facilitate future characterization of viscoplastic matrices and motivate the development of new materials for EMB3D printing.
KW - 3D printing
KW - embedded three-dimensional printing
KW - particle image velocimetry
KW - rheology
KW - viscoplasticity
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U2 - 10.1021/acsami.7b19818
DO - 10.1021/acsami.7b19818
M3 - Article
C2 - 29493215
AN - SCOPUS:85049869980
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 10
SP - 23353
EP - 23361
JO - ACS applied materials & interfaces
JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces
IS - 27
ER -