VIOLATION OF THE NONCROSSING RULE: THE HUBBARD HAMILTONIAN FOR BENZENE

Ole J. Heilmann, Elliott H. Lieb

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

107 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Hubbard Hamiltonian, while not one of the most successful models for π electrons in benzene, has been extensively investigated in the literature. As part of our general study of that model, we have computed all the energy levels for all values of the repulsion parameter—a task that has not been undertaken before. After extracting all the symmetry of the model we found, to our great surprise, many instances of permanent degeneracy of levels with different symmetry and also crossing of levels of the same symmetry. We can also demonstrate that there is no hidden symmetry to account for these effects. Since these results run counter to one of the oldest folk theorems in quantum chemistry, our otherwise uninspiring graphs may be of general interest.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)584-617
Number of pages34
JournalAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Volume172
Issue number15
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 1971

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General Neuroscience
  • General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • History and Philosophy of Science

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