Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm2Current Density

Youssef Elasser; Jaeil Baek; Kaladhar Radhakrishnan; Houle Gan; Jonathan Douglas; Harish K. Krishnamurthy; Xin Li; Shuai Jiang; Charles R. Sullivan; Minjie Chen

doi:10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677

Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm²Current Density

Youssef Elasser, Jaeil Baek, Kaladhar Radhakrishnan, Houle Gan, Jonathan Douglas, Harish K. Krishnamurthy, Xin Li, Shuai Jiang, Charles R. Sullivan, Minjie Chen

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents a 48 V-1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V-1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm2 current density and 1,000 W/in3 power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.

Original language	English (US)
Pages	1259-1266
Number of pages	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677
State	Published - 2022
Event	37th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2022 - Houston, United States Duration: Mar 20 2022 → Mar 24 2022

Conference

Conference	37th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2022
Country/Territory	United States
City	Houston
Period	3/20/22 → 3/24/22

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Keywords

coupled inductor
dc-dc power conversion
hybrid switched-capacitor circuit
point-of-load
vertical power delivery
voltage regulator

Access to Document

10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677

Cite this

Elasser, Y., Baek, J., Radhakrishnan, K., Gan, H., Douglas, J., Krishnamurthy, H. K., Li, X., Jiang, S., Sullivan, C. R., & Chen, M. (2022). Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm²Current Density. 1259-1266. Paper presented at 37th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2022, Houston, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677

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title = "Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm2Current Density",

abstract = "This paper presents a 48 V-1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V-1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm2 current density and 1,000 W/in3 power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.",

keywords = "coupled inductor, dc-dc power conversion, hybrid switched-capacitor circuit, point-of-load, vertical power delivery, voltage regulator",

author = "Youssef Elasser and Jaeil Baek and Kaladhar Radhakrishnan and Houle Gan and Jonathan Douglas and Krishnamurthy, {Harish K.} and Xin Li and Shuai Jiang and Sullivan, {Charles R.} and Minjie Chen",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 IEEE.; 37th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2022 ; Conference date: 20-03-2022 Through 24-03-2022",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677",

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Elasser, Y, Baek, J, Radhakrishnan, K, Gan, H, Douglas, J, Krishnamurthy, HK, Li, X, Jiang, S, Sullivan, CR & Chen, M 2022, 'Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm²Current Density', Paper presented at 37th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2022, Houston, United States, 3/20/22 - 3/24/22 pp. 1259-1266. https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677

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AU - Elasser, Youssef

AU - Baek, Jaeil

AU - Radhakrishnan, Kaladhar

AU - Gan, Houle

AU - Douglas, Jonathan

AU - Krishnamurthy, Harish K.

AU - Li, Xin

AU - Jiang, Shuai

AU - Sullivan, Charles R.

AU - Chen, Minjie

PY - 2022

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N2 - This paper presents a 48 V-1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V-1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm2 current density and 1,000 W/in3 power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.

AB - This paper presents a 48 V-1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V-1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm2 current density and 1,000 W/in3 power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.

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KW - voltage regulator

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