Vaccination and the dynamics of immune evasion

Olivier Restif, Bryan T. Grenfell

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

Vaccines exert strong selective pressures on pathogens, favouring the spread of antigenic variants. We propose a simple mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of a novel pathogenic strain that emerges in a population where a previous strain is maintained at low endemic level by a vaccine. We compare three methods to assess the ability of the novel strain to invade and persist: algebraic rate of invasion; deterministic dynamics; and stochastic dynamics. These three techniques provide complementary predictions on the fate of the system. In particular, we emphasize the importance of stochastic simulations, which account for the possibility of extinctions of either strain. More specifically, our model suggests that the probability of persistence of an invasive strain (i) can be minimized for intermediate levels of vaccine cross-protection (i.e. immune protection against the novel strain) and (ii) is lower if cross-immunity acts through a reduced infectious period rather than through reduced susceptibility.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)143-153
Number of pages11
JournalJournal of the Royal Society Interface
Volume4
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 22 2007
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Bioengineering
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Biomaterials

Keywords

  • Antigenic diversity
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Cross-immunity

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