@article{50e8499c08e64ca69762d105b5081c93,
title = "Urban irrigation in the modeling of a semi-arid urban environment: Ballona Creek watershed, Los Angeles, California",
abstract = "Ballona Creek watershed in Los Angeles, California provides a unique combination of heterogeneous urban land cover, a semi-arid environment, and a large outdoor water-use flux that presents a challenge for physically-based models. We ran simulations using the Noah Land Surface Model and Parflow-Community Land Model and compared to observations of evapotranspiration (ET), runoff, and land surface temperature (LST) for the entire 11-year study period. Both models were systematically adjusted to test the impact of land cover and urban irrigation on simulation results. Monthly total runoff and ET results are greatly improved when compared to an in-situ stream gauge and meteorological tower data: from 0.64 to 0.81 for the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for runoff and from a negative NSE to 0.82 for ET. The inclusion of urban irrigation in semi-arid urban environments is found to be vital, but not sufficient, for the accurate simulation of variables in the studied models.",
keywords = "evapotranspiration, land surface modeling, land surface temperature, runoff, semi-arid, urban irrigation, water use",
author = "Bryant Reyes and Hogue, {Terri S.} and Maxwell, {Reed M.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank NASA, the USGS, the LACDPW, and other agencies for making the data used in this study publicly available. Special thanks to Dr Christa D. Peters-Lidard for help with Noah LSM and LIS simulations. Computing resources were provided by the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center and Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR{\textquoteright}s Computational and Information Systems Laboratory sponsored by the NSF. Funding Information: This work was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship, the NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt.org), and NSF Water Sustainability and Climate Grants [DGE-1057607, EEC-1028968, EAR-12040235, EAR-1204787]. We would like to thank NASA, the USGS, the LACDPW, and other agencies for making the data used in this study publicly available. Special thanks to Dr Christa D. Peters-Lidard for help with Noah LSM and LIS simulations. Computing resources were provided by the NASA Center for Climate Simulation at Goddard Space Flight Center and Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR?s Computational and Information Systems Laboratory sponsored by the NSF. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, {\textcopyright} 2020 IAHS.",
year = "2020",
month = jun,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1080/02626667.2020.1751846",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "65",
pages = "1344--1357",
journal = "Hydrological Sciences Journal",
issn = "0262-6667",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "8",
}