TY - JOUR
T1 - Transmission consequences of coinfection
T2 - cytokines writ large?
AU - Graham, Andrea L.
AU - Cattadori, Isabella M.
AU - Lloyd-Smith, James O.
AU - Ferrari, Matthew J.
AU - Bjørnstad, Ottar N.
N1 - Funding Information:
These epidemiological extensions to cytokine biology were conceived during the meeting ‘Ecology of Zoonotic Diseases’ held at the Centro di Ecologia Alpina (Italy) in July 2006. A.L.G. was supported by The Leverhulme Trust, the School of Biological Sciences of the University of Edinburgh and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. I.M.C. was funded by The Leverhulme Trust and a Royal Society Travel Grant. J.L-S. and M.J.F. were supported by Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics Postdoctoral Fellowships. O.N.B. was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation (0520468). The authors are grateful to Judith Allen, Bryan Grenfell, Peter Hudson and Gráinne Long for valuable discussions and comments on the manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers also provided comments that led to improvements on the original draft.
Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/6
Y1 - 2007/6
N2 - Coinfection of a host by multiple parasite species is commonly observed and recent epidemiological work indicates that coinfection can enhance parasite transmission. This article proposes an immunoepidemiological framework to understand how within-host interactions during coinfection might affect between-host transmission. Cytokines, immune signalling molecules with a fundamental role in the amplification of antiparasitic effector mechanisms, provide a useful way to simplify immunological complexity for this endeavour - focusing on cytokines offers analytical tractability without sacrificing realism. Testable predictions about the epidemiological consequences of coinfection are generated by this conceptual framework.
AB - Coinfection of a host by multiple parasite species is commonly observed and recent epidemiological work indicates that coinfection can enhance parasite transmission. This article proposes an immunoepidemiological framework to understand how within-host interactions during coinfection might affect between-host transmission. Cytokines, immune signalling molecules with a fundamental role in the amplification of antiparasitic effector mechanisms, provide a useful way to simplify immunological complexity for this endeavour - focusing on cytokines offers analytical tractability without sacrificing realism. Testable predictions about the epidemiological consequences of coinfection are generated by this conceptual framework.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/34248633392
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/34248633392#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.pt.2007.04.005
DO - 10.1016/j.pt.2007.04.005
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17466597
AN - SCOPUS:34248633392
SN - 1471-4922
VL - 23
SP - 284
EP - 291
JO - Trends in Parasitology
JF - Trends in Parasitology
IS - 6
ER -