TOI-431/HIP 26013: A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet

Ares Osborn; David J. Armstrong; Bryson Cale; Rafael Brahm; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Fei Dai; Ian J.M. Crossfield; Edward M. Bryant; Vardan Adibekyan; Ryan Cloutier; Karen A. Collins; E. Delgado Mena; Malcolm Fridlund; Coel Hellier; Steve B. Howell; George W. King; Jorge Lillo-Box; Jon Otegi; S. Sousa; Keivan G. Stassun; Elisabeth C. Matthews; Carl Ziegler; George Ricker; Roland Vanderspek; David W. Latham; S. Seager; Joshua N. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Jack S. Acton; Brett C. Addison; David R. Anderson; Sarah Ballard; David Barrado; Susana C.C. Barros; Natalie Batalha; Daniel Bayliss; Thomas Barclay; Björn Benneke; John Berberian; Francois Bouchy; Brendan P. Bowler; César Briceño; Christopher J. Burke; Matthew R. Burleigh; Sarah L. Casewell; David Ciardi; Kevin I. Collins; Benjamin F. Cooke; Olivier D.S. Demangeon; Rodrigo F. Díaz; C. Dorn; Diana Dragomir; Courtney Dressing; Xavier Dumusque; Néstor Espinoza; P. Figueira; Benjamin Fulton; E. Furlan; E. Gaidos; C. Geneser; Samuel Gill; Michael R. Goad; Erica J. Gonzales; Varoujan Gorjian; Maximilian N. Günther; Ravit Helled; Beth A. Henderson; Thomas Henning; Aleisha Hogan; Saeed Hojjatpanah; Jonathan Horner; Andrew W. Howard; Sergio Hoyer; Dan Huber; Howard Isaacson; James S. Jenkins; Eric L.N. Jensen; Andrés Jordán; Stephen R. Kane; Richard C. Kidwell; John Kielkopf; Nicholas Law; Monika Lendl; M. Lund; Rachel A. Matson; Andrew W. Mann; James McCormac; Matthew W. Mengel; Farisa Y. Morales; Louise D. Nielsen; Jack Okumura; Hugh P. Osborn; Erik A. Petigura; Peter Plavchan; Don Pollacco; Elisa V. Quintana; Liam Raynard; Paul Robertson; Mark E. Rose; Arpita Roy; Michael Reefe; Alexandre Santerne; Nuno C. Santos; Paula Sarkis; J. Schlieder; Richard P. Schwarz; Nicholas J. Scott; Avi Shporer; A. M.S. Smith; C. Stibbard; Chris Stockdale; Paul A. Strøm; Joseph D. Twicken; Thiam Guan Tan; A. Tanner; J. Teske; Rosanna H. Tilbrook; C. G. Tinney; Stephane Udry; Jesus Noel Villaseñor; Jose I. Vines; Sharon X. Wang; Lauren M. Weiss; Richard G. West; Peter J. Wheatley; Duncan J. Wright; Hui Zhang; F. Zohrabi

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2313

TOI-431/HIP 26013: A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet

Ares Osborn, David J. Armstrong, Bryson Cale, Rafael Brahm, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Fei Dai, Ian J.M. Crossfield, Edward M. Bryant, Vardan Adibekyan, Ryan Cloutier, Karen A. Collins, E. Delgado Mena, Malcolm Fridlund, Coel Hellier, Steve B. Howell, George W. King, Jorge Lillo-Box, Jon Otegi, S. Sousa, Keivan G. StassunElisabeth C. Matthews, Carl Ziegler, George Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, S. Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Jack S. Acton, Brett C. Addison, David R. Anderson, Sarah Ballard, David Barrado, Susana C.C. Barros, Natalie Batalha, Daniel Bayliss, Thomas Barclay, Björn Benneke, John Berberian, Francois Bouchy, Brendan P. Bowler, César Briceño, Christopher J. Burke, Matthew R. Burleigh, Sarah L. Casewell, David Ciardi, Kevin I. Collins, Benjamin F. Cooke, Olivier D.S. Demangeon, Rodrigo F. Díaz, C. Dorn, Diana Dragomir, Courtney Dressing, Xavier Dumusque, Néstor Espinoza, P. Figueira, Benjamin Fulton, E. Furlan, E. Gaidos, C. Geneser, Samuel Gill, Michael R. Goad, Erica J. Gonzales, Varoujan Gorjian, Maximilian N. Günther, Ravit Helled, Beth A. Henderson, Thomas Henning, Aleisha Hogan, Saeed Hojjatpanah, Jonathan Horner, Andrew W. Howard, Sergio Hoyer, Dan Huber, Howard Isaacson, James S. Jenkins, Eric L.N. Jensen, Andrés Jordán, Stephen R. Kane, Richard C. Kidwell, John Kielkopf, Nicholas Law, Monika Lendl, M. Lund, Rachel A. Matson, Andrew W. Mann, James McCormac, Matthew W. Mengel, Farisa Y. Morales, Louise D. Nielsen, Jack Okumura, Hugh P. Osborn, Erik A. Petigura, Peter Plavchan, Don Pollacco, Elisa V. Quintana, Liam Raynard, Paul Robertson, Mark E. Rose, Arpita Roy, Michael Reefe, Alexandre Santerne, Nuno C. Santos, Paula Sarkis, J. Schlieder, Richard P. Schwarz, Nicholas J. Scott, Avi Shporer, A. M.S. Smith, C. Stibbard, Chris Stockdale, Paul A. Strøm, Joseph D. Twicken, Thiam Guan Tan, A. Tanner, J. Teske, Rosanna H. Tilbrook, C. G. Tinney, Stephane Udry, Jesus Noel Villaseñor, Jose I. Vines, Sharon X. Wang, Lauren M. Weiss, Richard G. West, Peter J. Wheatley, Duncan J. Wright, Hui Zhang, F. Zohrabi

Astrophysical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm-3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R, a mass of 9.90+1.53-1.49 M, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm-3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of 2.83+0.41-0.34 M, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2782-2803
Number of pages	22
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	507
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2313
State	Published - Oct 1 2021

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

planets and satellites: detection
planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
planets and satellites: individual: (TOI-431, TIC 31374837)

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stab2313

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Osborn, A., Armstrong, D. J., Cale, B., Brahm, R., Wittenmyer, R. A., Dai, F., Crossfield, I. J. M., Bryant, E. M., Adibekyan, V., Cloutier, R., Collins, K. A., Delgado Mena, E., Fridlund, M., Hellier, C., Howell, S. B., King, G. W., Lillo-Box, J., Otegi, J., Sousa, S., ... Zohrabi, F. (2021). TOI-431/HIP 26013: A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 507(2), 2782-2803. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2313

@article{0b55099495b840bd94101835b832b6bc,

title = "TOI-431/HIP 26013: A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet",

abstract = "We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm-3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R, a mass of 9.90+1.53-1.49 M, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm-3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of 2.83+0.41-0.34 M, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.",

keywords = "planets and satellites: detection, planets and satellites: fundamental parameters, planets and satellites: individual: (TOI-431, TIC 31374837)",

author = "Ares Osborn and Armstrong, {David J.} and Bryson Cale and Rafael Brahm and Wittenmyer, {Robert A.} and Fei Dai and Crossfield, {Ian J.M.} and Bryant, {Edward M.} and Vardan Adibekyan and Ryan Cloutier and Collins, {Karen A.} and {Delgado Mena}, E. and Malcolm Fridlund and Coel Hellier and Howell, {Steve B.} and King, {George W.} and Jorge Lillo-Box and Jon Otegi and S. Sousa and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Matthews, {Elisabeth C.} and Carl Ziegler and George Ricker and Roland Vanderspek and Latham, {David W.} and S. Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Acton, {Jack S.} and Addison, {Brett C.} and Anderson, {David R.} and Sarah Ballard and David Barrado and Barros, {Susana C.C.} and Natalie Batalha and Daniel Bayliss and Thomas Barclay and Bj{\"o}rn Benneke and John Berberian and Francois Bouchy and Bowler, {Brendan P.} and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Burke, {Christopher J.} and Burleigh, {Matthew R.} and Casewell, {Sarah L.} and David Ciardi and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Cooke, {Benjamin F.} and Demangeon, {Olivier D.S.} and D{\'i}az, {Rodrigo F.} and C. Dorn and Diana Dragomir and Courtney Dressing and Xavier Dumusque and N{\'e}stor Espinoza and P. Figueira and Benjamin Fulton and E. Furlan and E. Gaidos and C. Geneser and Samuel Gill and Goad, {Michael R.} and Gonzales, {Erica J.} and Varoujan Gorjian and G{\"u}nther, {Maximilian N.} and Ravit Helled and Henderson, {Beth A.} and Thomas Henning and Aleisha Hogan and Saeed Hojjatpanah and Jonathan Horner and Howard, {Andrew W.} and Sergio Hoyer and Dan Huber and Howard Isaacson and Jenkins, {James S.} and Jensen, {Eric L.N.} and Andr{\'e}s Jord{\'a}n and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Kidwell, {Richard C.} and John Kielkopf and Nicholas Law and Monika Lendl and M. Lund and Matson, {Rachel A.} and Mann, {Andrew W.} and James McCormac and Mengel, {Matthew W.} and Morales, {Farisa Y.} and Nielsen, {Louise D.} and Jack Okumura and Osborn, {Hugh P.} and Petigura, {Erik A.} and Peter Plavchan and Don Pollacco and Quintana, {Elisa V.} and Liam Raynard and Paul Robertson and Rose, {Mark E.} and Arpita Roy and Michael Reefe and Alexandre Santerne and Santos, {Nuno C.} and Paula Sarkis and J. Schlieder and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Scott, {Nicholas J.} and Avi Shporer and Smith, {A. M.S.} and C. Stibbard and Chris Stockdale and Str{\o}m, {Paul A.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Tan, {Thiam Guan} and A. Tanner and J. Teske and Tilbrook, {Rosanna H.} and Tinney, {C. G.} and Stephane Udry and Villase{\~n}or, {Jesus Noel} and Vines, {Jose I.} and Wang, {Sharon X.} and Weiss, {Lauren M.} and West, {Richard G.} and Wheatley, {Peter J.} and Wright, {Duncan J.} and Hui Zhang and F. Zohrabi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stab2313",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "507",

pages = "2782--2803",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "2",

}

Osborn, A, Armstrong, DJ, Cale, B, Brahm, R, Wittenmyer, RA, Dai, F, Crossfield, IJM, Bryant, EM, Adibekyan, V, Cloutier, R, Collins, KA, Delgado Mena, E, Fridlund, M, Hellier, C, Howell, SB, King, GW, Lillo-Box, J, Otegi, J, Sousa, S, Stassun, KG, Matthews, EC, Ziegler, C, Ricker, G, Vanderspek, R, Latham, DW, Seager, S, Winn, JN, Jenkins, JM, Acton, JS, Addison, BC, Anderson, DR, Ballard, S, Barrado, D, Barros, SCC, Batalha, N, Bayliss, D, Barclay, T, Benneke, B, Berberian, J, Bouchy, F, Bowler, BP, Briceño, C, Burke, CJ, Burleigh, MR, Casewell, SL, Ciardi, D, Collins, KI, Cooke, BF, Demangeon, ODS, Díaz, RF, Dorn, C, Dragomir, D, Dressing, C, Dumusque, X, Espinoza, N, Figueira, P, Fulton, B, Furlan, E, Gaidos, E, Geneser, C, Gill, S, Goad, MR, Gonzales, EJ, Gorjian, V, Günther, MN, Helled, R, Henderson, BA, Henning, T, Hogan, A, Hojjatpanah, S, Horner, J, Howard, AW, Hoyer, S, Huber, D, Isaacson, H, Jenkins, JS, Jensen, ELN, Jordán, A, Kane, SR, Kidwell, RC, Kielkopf, J, Law, N, Lendl, M, Lund, M, Matson, RA, Mann, AW, McCormac, J, Mengel, MW, Morales, FY, Nielsen, LD, Okumura, J, Osborn, HP, Petigura, EA, Plavchan, P, Pollacco, D, Quintana, EV, Raynard, L, Robertson, P, Rose, ME, Roy, A, Reefe, M, Santerne, A, Santos, NC, Sarkis, P, Schlieder, J, Schwarz, RP, Scott, NJ, Shporer, A, Smith, AMS, Stibbard, C, Stockdale, C, Strøm, PA, Twicken, JD, Tan, TG, Tanner, A, Teske, J, Tilbrook, RH, Tinney, CG, Udry, S, Villaseñor, JN, Vines, JI, Wang, SX, Weiss, LM, West, RG, Wheatley, PJ, Wright, DJ, Zhang, H & Zohrabi, F 2021, 'TOI-431/HIP 26013: A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 507, no. 2, pp. 2782-2803. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2313

TY - JOUR

T1 - TOI-431/HIP 26013

T2 - A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet

AU - Osborn, Ares

AU - Armstrong, David J.

AU - Cale, Bryson

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A.

AU - Dai, Fei

AU - Crossfield, Ian J.M.

AU - Bryant, Edward M.

AU - Adibekyan, Vardan

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Delgado Mena, E.

AU - Fridlund, Malcolm

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - King, George W.

AU - Lillo-Box, Jorge

AU - Otegi, Jon

AU - Sousa, S.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth C.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Ricker, George

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Acton, Jack S.

AU - Addison, Brett C.

AU - Anderson, David R.

AU - Ballard, Sarah

AU - Barrado, David

AU - Barros, Susana C.C.

AU - Batalha, Natalie

AU - Bayliss, Daniel

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Benneke, Björn

AU - Berberian, John

AU - Bouchy, Francois

AU - Bowler, Brendan P.

AU - Briceño, César

AU - Burke, Christopher J.

AU - Burleigh, Matthew R.

AU - Casewell, Sarah L.

AU - Ciardi, David

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Cooke, Benjamin F.

AU - Demangeon, Olivier D.S.

AU - Díaz, Rodrigo F.

AU - Dorn, C.

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Dressing, Courtney

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Espinoza, Néstor

AU - Figueira, P.

AU - Fulton, Benjamin

AU - Furlan, E.

AU - Gaidos, E.

AU - Geneser, C.

AU - Gill, Samuel

AU - Goad, Michael R.

AU - Gonzales, Erica J.

AU - Gorjian, Varoujan

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Helled, Ravit

AU - Henderson, Beth A.

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Hogan, Aleisha

AU - Hojjatpanah, Saeed

AU - Horner, Jonathan

AU - Howard, Andrew W.

AU - Hoyer, Sergio

AU - Huber, Dan

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Jenkins, James S.

AU - Jensen, Eric L.N.

AU - Jordán, Andrés

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kidwell, Richard C.

AU - Kielkopf, John

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Lendl, Monika

AU - Lund, M.

AU - Matson, Rachel A.

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - McCormac, James

AU - Mengel, Matthew W.

AU - Morales, Farisa Y.

AU - Nielsen, Louise D.

AU - Okumura, Jack

AU - Osborn, Hugh P.

AU - Petigura, Erik A.

AU - Plavchan, Peter

AU - Pollacco, Don

AU - Quintana, Elisa V.

AU - Raynard, Liam

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Rose, Mark E.

AU - Roy, Arpita

AU - Reefe, Michael

AU - Santerne, Alexandre

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Sarkis, Paula

AU - Schlieder, J.

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Scott, Nicholas J.

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Smith, A. M.S.

AU - Stibbard, C.

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Strøm, Paul A.

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Tanner, A.

AU - Teske, J.

AU - Tilbrook, Rosanna H.

AU - Tinney, C. G.

AU - Udry, Stephane

AU - Villaseñor, Jesus Noel

AU - Vines, Jose I.

AU - Wang, Sharon X.

AU - Weiss, Lauren M.

AU - West, Richard G.

AU - Wheatley, Peter J.

AU - Wright, Duncan J.

AU - Zhang, Hui

AU - Zohrabi, F.

PY - 2021/10/1

Y1 - 2021/10/1

N2 - We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm-3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R, a mass of 9.90+1.53-1.49 M, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm-3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of 2.83+0.41-0.34 M, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.

AB - We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm-3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R, a mass of 9.90+1.53-1.49 M, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm-3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of 2.83+0.41-0.34 M, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters

KW - planets and satellites: individual: (TOI-431, TIC 31374837)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116546379&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85116546379&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab2313

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab2313

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85116546379

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 507

SP - 2782

EP - 2803

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 2

ER -

TOI-431/HIP 26013: A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet

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