TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS

Trifon Trifonov; Rafael Brahm; Andrés Jordán; Christian Hartogh; Thomas Henning; Melissa J. Hobson; Martin Schlecker; Saburo Howard; Finja Reichardt; Nestor Espinoza; Man Hoi Lee; David Nesvorny; Felipe I. Rojas; Khalid Barkaoui; Diana Kossakowski; Gavin Boyle; Stefan Dreizler; Martin Kürster; René Heller; Tristan Guillot; Amaury H.M.J. Triaud; Lyu Abe; Abdelkrim Agabi; Philippe Bendjoya; Nicolas Crouzet; Georgina Dransfield; Thomas Gasparetto; Maximilian N. Günther; Wenceslas Marie-Sainte; Djamel Mékarnia; Olga Suarez; Johanna Teske; R. Paul Butler; Jeffrey D. Crane; Stephen Shectman; George R. Ricker; Avi Shporer; Roland Vanderspek; Jon M. Jenkins; Bill Wohler; Karen A. Collins; Kevin I. Collins; David R. Ciardi; Thomas Barclay; Ismael Mireles; Sara Seager; Joshua N. Winn

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b

TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS

Trifon Trifonov, Rafael Brahm, Andrés Jordán, Christian Hartogh, Thomas Henning, Melissa J. Hobson, Martin Schlecker, Saburo Howard, Finja Reichardt, Nestor Espinoza, Man Hoi Lee, David Nesvorny, Felipe I. Rojas, Khalid Barkaoui, Diana Kossakowski, Gavin Boyle, Stefan Dreizler, Martin Kürster, René Heller, Tristan GuillotAmaury H.M.J. Triaud, Lyu Abe, Abdelkrim Agabi, Philippe Bendjoya, Nicolas Crouzet, Georgina Dransfield, Thomas Gasparetto, Maximilian N. Günther, Wenceslas Marie-Sainte, Djamel Mékarnia, Olga Suarez, Johanna Teske, R. Paul Butler, Jeffrey D. Crane, Stephen Shectman, George R. Ricker, Avi Shporer, Roland Vanderspek, Jon M. Jenkins, Bill Wohler, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, David R. Ciardi, Thomas Barclay, Ismael Mireles, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn

Astrophysical Sciences

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Abstract

The K-type star TOI-2525 has an estimated mass of M = 0.849 − 0.033 + 0.024 M _⊙ and radius of R = 0.785 − 0.007 + 0.007 R _⊙ observed by the TESS mission in 22 sectors (within sectors 1 and 39). The TESS light curves yield significant transit events of two companions, which show strong transit timing variations (TTVs) with a semiamplitude of ∼6 hr. We performed TTV dynamical and photodynamical light-curve analysis of the TESS data combined with radial velocity measurements from FEROS and PFS, and we confirmed the planetary nature of these companions. The TOI-2525 system consists of a transiting pair of planets comparable to Neptune and Jupiter with estimated dynamical masses of m _b = 0.088 − 0.004 + 0.005 and m _c = 0.709 − 0.033 + 0.034 M _Jup, radii of r _b = 0.88 − 0.02 + 0.02 and r _c = 0.98 − 0.02 + 0.02 R _Jup, and orbital periods of P _b = 23.288 − 0.002 + 0.001 and P _c = 49.260 − 0.001 + 0.001 days for the inner and outer planet, respectively. The period ratio is close to the 2:1 period commensurability, but the dynamical simulations of the system suggest that it is outside the mean-motion resonance (MMR) dynamical configuration. Object TOI-2525 b is among the lowest-density Neptune-mass planets known to date, with an estimated median density of ρ _b = 0.174 − 0.015 + 0.016 g cm⁻³. The TOI-2525 system is very similar to the other K dwarf systems discovered by TESS, TOI-2202 and TOI-216, which are composed of almost identical K dwarf primaries and two warm giant planets near the 2:1 MMR.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	179
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	165
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b
State	Published - Apr 1 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b

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Trifonov, T., Brahm, R., Jordán, A., Hartogh, C., Henning, T., Hobson, M. J., Schlecker, M., Howard, S., Reichardt, F., Espinoza, N., Lee, M. H., Nesvorny, D., Rojas, F. I., Barkaoui, K., Kossakowski, D., Boyle, G., Dreizler, S., Kürster, M., Heller, R., ... Winn, J. N. (2023). TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS. Astronomical Journal, 165(4), Article 179. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b

@article{677c69b0816646a9a78b4bde99b60aab,

title = "TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS",

abstract = "The K-type star TOI-2525 has an estimated mass of M = 0.849 − 0.033 + 0.024 M ⊙ and radius of R = 0.785 − 0.007 + 0.007 R ⊙ observed by the TESS mission in 22 sectors (within sectors 1 and 39). The TESS light curves yield significant transit events of two companions, which show strong transit timing variations (TTVs) with a semiamplitude of ∼6 hr. We performed TTV dynamical and photodynamical light-curve analysis of the TESS data combined with radial velocity measurements from FEROS and PFS, and we confirmed the planetary nature of these companions. The TOI-2525 system consists of a transiting pair of planets comparable to Neptune and Jupiter with estimated dynamical masses of m b = 0.088 − 0.004 + 0.005 and m c = 0.709 − 0.033 + 0.034 M Jup, radii of r b = 0.88 − 0.02 + 0.02 and r c = 0.98 − 0.02 + 0.02 R Jup, and orbital periods of P b = 23.288 − 0.002 + 0.001 and P c = 49.260 − 0.001 + 0.001 days for the inner and outer planet, respectively. The period ratio is close to the 2:1 period commensurability, but the dynamical simulations of the system suggest that it is outside the mean-motion resonance (MMR) dynamical configuration. Object TOI-2525 b is among the lowest-density Neptune-mass planets known to date, with an estimated median density of ρ b = 0.174 − 0.015 + 0.016 g cm−3. The TOI-2525 system is very similar to the other K dwarf systems discovered by TESS, TOI-2202 and TOI-216, which are composed of almost identical K dwarf primaries and two warm giant planets near the 2:1 MMR.",

author = "Trifon Trifonov and Rafael Brahm and Andr{\'e}s Jord{\'a}n and Christian Hartogh and Thomas Henning and Hobson, {Melissa J.} and Martin Schlecker and Saburo Howard and Finja Reichardt and Nestor Espinoza and Lee, {Man Hoi} and David Nesvorny and Rojas, {Felipe I.} and Khalid Barkaoui and Diana Kossakowski and Gavin Boyle and Stefan Dreizler and Martin K{\"u}rster and Ren{\'e} Heller and Tristan Guillot and Triaud, {Amaury H.M.J.} and Lyu Abe and Abdelkrim Agabi and Philippe Bendjoya and Nicolas Crouzet and Georgina Dransfield and Thomas Gasparetto and G{\"u}nther, {Maximilian N.} and Wenceslas Marie-Sainte and Djamel M{\'e}karnia and Olga Suarez and Johanna Teske and Butler, {R. Paul} and Crane, {Jeffrey D.} and Stephen Shectman and Ricker, {George R.} and Avi Shporer and Roland Vanderspek and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Bill Wohler and Collins, {Karen A.} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Thomas Barclay and Ismael Mireles and Sara Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "165",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "4",

}

Trifonov, T, Brahm, R, Jordán, A, Hartogh, C, Henning, T, Hobson, MJ, Schlecker, M, Howard, S, Reichardt, F, Espinoza, N, Lee, MH, Nesvorny, D, Rojas, FI, Barkaoui, K, Kossakowski, D, Boyle, G, Dreizler, S, Kürster, M, Heller, R, Guillot, T, Triaud, AHMJ, Abe, L, Agabi, A, Bendjoya, P, Crouzet, N, Dransfield, G, Gasparetto, T, Günther, MN, Marie-Sainte, W, Mékarnia, D, Suarez, O, Teske, J, Butler, RP, Crane, JD, Shectman, S, Ricker, GR, Shporer, A, Vanderspek, R, Jenkins, JM, Wohler, B, Collins, KA, Collins, KI, Ciardi, DR, Barclay, T, Mireles, I, Seager, S & Winn, JN 2023, 'TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS', Astronomical Journal, vol. 165, no. 4, 179. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b

TY - JOUR

T1 - TOI-2525 b and c

T2 - A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS

AU - Trifonov, Trifon

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Jordán, Andrés

AU - Hartogh, Christian

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Hobson, Melissa J.

AU - Schlecker, Martin

AU - Howard, Saburo

AU - Reichardt, Finja

AU - Espinoza, Nestor

AU - Lee, Man Hoi

AU - Nesvorny, David

AU - Rojas, Felipe I.

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Kossakowski, Diana

AU - Boyle, Gavin

AU - Dreizler, Stefan

AU - Kürster, Martin

AU - Heller, René

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Triaud, Amaury H.M.J.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Agabi, Abdelkrim

AU - Bendjoya, Philippe

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Gasparetto, Thomas

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas

AU - Mékarnia, Djamel

AU - Suarez, Olga

AU - Teske, Johanna

AU - Butler, R. Paul

AU - Crane, Jeffrey D.

AU - Shectman, Stephen

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Wohler, Bill

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Mireles, Ismael

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

PY - 2023/4/1

Y1 - 2023/4/1

N2 - The K-type star TOI-2525 has an estimated mass of M = 0.849 − 0.033 + 0.024 M ⊙ and radius of R = 0.785 − 0.007 + 0.007 R ⊙ observed by the TESS mission in 22 sectors (within sectors 1 and 39). The TESS light curves yield significant transit events of two companions, which show strong transit timing variations (TTVs) with a semiamplitude of ∼6 hr. We performed TTV dynamical and photodynamical light-curve analysis of the TESS data combined with radial velocity measurements from FEROS and PFS, and we confirmed the planetary nature of these companions. The TOI-2525 system consists of a transiting pair of planets comparable to Neptune and Jupiter with estimated dynamical masses of m b = 0.088 − 0.004 + 0.005 and m c = 0.709 − 0.033 + 0.034 M Jup, radii of r b = 0.88 − 0.02 + 0.02 and r c = 0.98 − 0.02 + 0.02 R Jup, and orbital periods of P b = 23.288 − 0.002 + 0.001 and P c = 49.260 − 0.001 + 0.001 days for the inner and outer planet, respectively. The period ratio is close to the 2:1 period commensurability, but the dynamical simulations of the system suggest that it is outside the mean-motion resonance (MMR) dynamical configuration. Object TOI-2525 b is among the lowest-density Neptune-mass planets known to date, with an estimated median density of ρ b = 0.174 − 0.015 + 0.016 g cm−3. The TOI-2525 system is very similar to the other K dwarf systems discovered by TESS, TOI-2202 and TOI-216, which are composed of almost identical K dwarf primaries and two warm giant planets near the 2:1 MMR.

AB - The K-type star TOI-2525 has an estimated mass of M = 0.849 − 0.033 + 0.024 M ⊙ and radius of R = 0.785 − 0.007 + 0.007 R ⊙ observed by the TESS mission in 22 sectors (within sectors 1 and 39). The TESS light curves yield significant transit events of two companions, which show strong transit timing variations (TTVs) with a semiamplitude of ∼6 hr. We performed TTV dynamical and photodynamical light-curve analysis of the TESS data combined with radial velocity measurements from FEROS and PFS, and we confirmed the planetary nature of these companions. The TOI-2525 system consists of a transiting pair of planets comparable to Neptune and Jupiter with estimated dynamical masses of m b = 0.088 − 0.004 + 0.005 and m c = 0.709 − 0.033 + 0.034 M Jup, radii of r b = 0.88 − 0.02 + 0.02 and r c = 0.98 − 0.02 + 0.02 R Jup, and orbital periods of P b = 23.288 − 0.002 + 0.001 and P c = 49.260 − 0.001 + 0.001 days for the inner and outer planet, respectively. The period ratio is close to the 2:1 period commensurability, but the dynamical simulations of the system suggest that it is outside the mean-motion resonance (MMR) dynamical configuration. Object TOI-2525 b is among the lowest-density Neptune-mass planets known to date, with an estimated median density of ρ b = 0.174 − 0.015 + 0.016 g cm−3. The TOI-2525 system is very similar to the other K dwarf systems discovered by TESS, TOI-2202 and TOI-216, which are composed of almost identical K dwarf primaries and two warm giant planets near the 2:1 MMR.

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U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/acba9b

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VL - 165

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 4

M1 - 179

ER -

TOI-2525 b and c: A Pair of Massive Warm Giant Planets with Strong Transit Timing Variations Revealed by TESS

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