TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c: A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions

Samuel N. Quinn; Joseph E. Rodriguez; Karen A. Collins; Allyson Bieryla; W. J. Brennom; Jiayin Dong; Kyle Hixenbaugh; David W. Latham; Brandon T. Radzom; Andrew Vanderburg; Songhu Wang; Samuel W. Yee; George Zhou; Isabelle Boisse; Ilaria Carleo; Pia Cortés-Zuleta; Xavier Delfosse; Thierry Forveille; Davide Gandolfi; Elisa Goffo; Guillaume Hébrard; Neda Heidari; Flavien Kiefer; Eder Martioli; Grzegorz Nowak; Enric Palle; Rafael Brahm; Thomas Henning; Melissa J. Hobson; Matias Jones; Andrés Jordán; Chelsea X. Huang; Lizhou Sha; Alton Spencer; Ashley Ashiku; Khalid Barkaoui; Zouhair Benkhaldoun; Perry Berlind; Michael L. Calkins; Kevin I. Collins; Dennis M. Conti; Gilbert A. Esquerdo; Phil Evans; Mark E. Everett; Mourad Ghachoui; Michaël Gillon; Elisabeth Heldridge; Keith Horne; Steve B. Howell; Emmanuël Jehin; Christopher R. Mann; Adam Popowicz; Francisco J. Pozuelos; Justus J. Randolph; Howard M. Relles; Boris Safonov; Richard P. Schwarz; Jonathan J. Swift; Thiam Guan Tan; Mathilde Timmermans; Cristilyn N. Watkins; Roberto Zambelli; Carl Ziegler; Jessie L. Christiansen; Tansu Daylan; Martin Paegert; Eric B. Ting; Jon M. Jenkins; George R. Ricker; Sara Seager; Roland K. Vanderspek; Joshua N. Winn

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a

TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c: A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions

Samuel N. Quinn
, Joseph E. Rodriguez
, Karen A. Collins
, Allyson Bieryla
, W. J. Brennom
, Jiayin Dong
, Kyle Hixenbaugh
, David W. Latham
, Brandon T. Radzom
, Andrew Vanderburg
, Songhu Wang
, Samuel W. Yee
, George Zhou
, Isabelle Boisse
, Ilaria Carleo
, Pia Cortés-Zuleta
, Xavier Delfosse
, Thierry Forveille
, Davide Gandolfi
, Elisa Goffo

Guillaume Hébrard, Neda Heidari, Flavien Kiefer, Eder Martioli, Grzegorz Nowak, Enric Palle, Rafael Brahm, Thomas Henning, Melissa J. Hobson, Matias Jones, Andrés Jordán, Chelsea X. Huang, Lizhou Sha, Alton Spencer, Ashley Ashiku, Khalid Barkaoui, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Perry Berlind, Michael L. Calkins, Kevin I. Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Phil Evans, Mark E. Everett, Mourad Ghachoui, Michaël Gillon, Elisabeth Heldridge, Keith Horne, Steve B. Howell, Emmanuël Jehin, Christopher R. Mann, Adam Popowicz, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Justus J. Randolph, Howard M. Relles, Boris Safonov, Richard P. Schwarz, Jonathan J. Swift, Thiam Guan Tan, Mathilde Timmermans, Cristilyn N. Watkins, Roberto Zambelli, Carl Ziegler, Jessie L. Christiansen, Tansu Daylan, Martin Paegert, Eric B. Ting, Jon M. Jenkins, George R. Ricker, Sara Seager, Roland K. Vanderspek, Joshua N. Winn

Astrophysical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present the TESS-based discoveries of planetary systems orbiting the late G dwarfs TOI-2494 and TOI-5143, each of which harbors a hot giant planet and a smaller interior planet. TOI-2494 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.41 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.35−0.15+0.16 R_⊕) and a hot Saturn (P = 8.38 days) with grazing transits, while TOI-5143 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.38 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.73−0.17+0.19 R_⊕) and a hot Jupiter (P = 5.21 days) with grazing transits. We measure the masses of TOI-2494 c (80 ± 19 M_⊕) and TOI-5143 c (208 ± 14 M_⊕), place upper limits on the masses of the smaller planets, and explore the architectures of the planetary systems. TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c join a small but growing number of short-period giant planets known to be flanked by smaller companions. While the absence of close neighbors to most hot Jupiters would be consistent with disruptive dynamical evolution, the presence of nearby small planets in some hot Jupiter systems points to a separate, dynamically quiet formation pathway. In support of this conclusion, we present preliminary evidence that hot giant planets with small nearby companions tend to have low mutual orbital inclinations, consistent with the mutual inclination distribution of the dynamically quiet population of compact systems of multiple super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.

Original language	English (US)
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	171
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a
State	Published - Jun 2026

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

Exoplanet evolution (491)
Exoplanet migration (2205)
Exoplanet systems (484)
Exoplanets (498)
Hot Jupiters (753)
Mini-Neptunes (1063)

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10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a

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Quinn, S. N., Rodriguez, J. E., Collins, K. A., Bieryla, A., Brennom, W. J., Dong, J., Hixenbaugh, K., Latham, D. W., Radzom, B. T., Vanderburg, A., Wang, S., Yee, S. W., Zhou, G., Boisse, I., Carleo, I., Cortés-Zuleta, P., Delfosse, X., Forveille, T., Gandolfi, D., ... Winn, J. N. (2026). TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c: A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions. Astronomical Journal, 171(6). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a

@article{7c80fd3fc71e4efc94593288e74626df,

title = "TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c: A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions",

abstract = "We present the TESS-based discoveries of planetary systems orbiting the late G dwarfs TOI-2494 and TOI-5143, each of which harbors a hot giant planet and a smaller interior planet. TOI-2494 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.41 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.35−0.15+0.16 R⊕) and a hot Saturn (P = 8.38 days) with grazing transits, while TOI-5143 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.38 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.73−0.17+0.19 R⊕) and a hot Jupiter (P = 5.21 days) with grazing transits. We measure the masses of TOI-2494 c (80 ± 19 M⊕) and TOI-5143 c (208 ± 14 M⊕), place upper limits on the masses of the smaller planets, and explore the architectures of the planetary systems. TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c join a small but growing number of short-period giant planets known to be flanked by smaller companions. While the absence of close neighbors to most hot Jupiters would be consistent with disruptive dynamical evolution, the presence of nearby small planets in some hot Jupiter systems points to a separate, dynamically quiet formation pathway. In support of this conclusion, we present preliminary evidence that hot giant planets with small nearby companions tend to have low mutual orbital inclinations, consistent with the mutual inclination distribution of the dynamically quiet population of compact systems of multiple super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.",

keywords = "Exoplanet evolution (491), Exoplanet migration (2205), Exoplanet systems (484), Exoplanets (498), Hot Jupiters (753), Mini-Neptunes (1063)",

author = "Quinn, \{Samuel N.\} and Rodriguez, \{Joseph E.\} and Collins, \{Karen A.\} and Allyson Bieryla and Brennom, \{W. J.\} and Jiayin Dong and Kyle Hixenbaugh and Latham, \{David W.\} and Radzom, \{Brandon T.\} and Andrew Vanderburg and Songhu Wang and Yee, \{Samuel W.\} and George Zhou and Isabelle Boisse and Ilaria Carleo and Pia Cort{\'e}s-Zuleta and Xavier Delfosse and Thierry Forveille and Davide Gandolfi and Elisa Goffo and Guillaume H{\'e}brard and Neda Heidari and Flavien Kiefer and Eder Martioli and Grzegorz Nowak and Enric Palle and Rafael Brahm and Thomas Henning and Hobson, \{Melissa J.\} and Matias Jones and Andr{\'e}s Jord{\'a}n and Huang, \{Chelsea X.\} and Lizhou Sha and Alton Spencer and Ashley Ashiku and Khalid Barkaoui and Zouhair Benkhaldoun and Perry Berlind and Calkins, \{Michael L.\} and Collins, \{Kevin I.\} and Conti, \{Dennis M.\} and Esquerdo, \{Gilbert A.\} and Phil Evans and Everett, \{Mark E.\} and Mourad Ghachoui and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Elisabeth Heldridge and Keith Horne and Howell, \{Steve B.\} and Emmanu{\"e}l Jehin and Mann, \{Christopher R.\} and Adam Popowicz and Pozuelos, \{Francisco J.\} and Randolph, \{Justus J.\} and Relles, \{Howard M.\} and Boris Safonov and Schwarz, \{Richard P.\} and Swift, \{Jonathan J.\} and Tan, \{Thiam Guan\} and Mathilde Timmermans and Watkins, \{Cristilyn N.\} and Roberto Zambelli and Carl Ziegler and Christiansen, \{Jessie L.\} and Tansu Daylan and Martin Paegert and Ting, \{Eric B.\} and Jenkins, \{Jon M.\} and Ricker, \{George R.\} and Sara Seager and Vanderspek, \{Roland K.\} and Winn, \{Joshua N.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.",

year = "2026",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "171",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "6",

}

Quinn, SN, Rodriguez, JE, Collins, KA, Bieryla, A, Brennom, WJ, Dong, J, Hixenbaugh, K, Latham, DW, Radzom, BT, Vanderburg, A, Wang, S, Yee, SW, Zhou, G, Boisse, I, Carleo, I, Cortés-Zuleta, P, Delfosse, X, Forveille, T, Gandolfi, D, Goffo, E, Hébrard, G, Heidari, N, Kiefer, F, Martioli, E, Nowak, G, Palle, E, Brahm, R, Henning, T, Hobson, MJ, Jones, M, Jordán, A, Huang, CX, Sha, L, Spencer, A, Ashiku, A, Barkaoui, K, Benkhaldoun, Z, Berlind, P, Calkins, ML, Collins, KI, Conti, DM, Esquerdo, GA, Evans, P, Everett, ME, Ghachoui, M, Gillon, M, Heldridge, E, Horne, K, Howell, SB, Jehin, E, Mann, CR, Popowicz, A, Pozuelos, FJ, Randolph, JJ, Relles, HM, Safonov, B, Schwarz, RP, Swift, JJ, Tan, TG, Timmermans, M, Watkins, CN, Zambelli, R, Ziegler, C, Christiansen, JL, Daylan, T, Paegert, M, Ting, EB, Jenkins, JM, Ricker, GR, Seager, S, Vanderspek, RK & Winn, JN 2026, 'TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c: A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions', Astronomical Journal, vol. 171, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a

TY - JOUR

T1 - TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c

T2 - A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Rodriguez, Joseph E.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Brennom, W. J.

AU - Dong, Jiayin

AU - Hixenbaugh, Kyle

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Radzom, Brandon T.

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Wang, Songhu

AU - Yee, Samuel W.

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Boisse, Isabelle

AU - Carleo, Ilaria

AU - Cortés-Zuleta, Pia

AU - Delfosse, Xavier

AU - Forveille, Thierry

AU - Gandolfi, Davide

AU - Goffo, Elisa

AU - Hébrard, Guillaume

AU - Heidari, Neda

AU - Kiefer, Flavien

AU - Martioli, Eder

AU - Nowak, Grzegorz

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Hobson, Melissa J.

AU - Jones, Matias

AU - Jordán, Andrés

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Sha, Lizhou

AU - Spencer, Alton

AU - Ashiku, Ashley

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Benkhaldoun, Zouhair

AU - Berlind, Perry

AU - Calkins, Michael L.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Esquerdo, Gilbert A.

AU - Evans, Phil

AU - Everett, Mark E.

AU - Ghachoui, Mourad

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Heldridge, Elisabeth

AU - Horne, Keith

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Jehin, Emmanuël

AU - Mann, Christopher R.

AU - Popowicz, Adam

AU - Pozuelos, Francisco J.

AU - Randolph, Justus J.

AU - Relles, Howard M.

AU - Safonov, Boris

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Swift, Jonathan J.

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Timmermans, Mathilde

AU - Watkins, Cristilyn N.

AU - Zambelli, Roberto

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Christiansen, Jessie L.

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Paegert, Martin

AU - Ting, Eric B.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

PY - 2026/6

Y1 - 2026/6

N2 - We present the TESS-based discoveries of planetary systems orbiting the late G dwarfs TOI-2494 and TOI-5143, each of which harbors a hot giant planet and a smaller interior planet. TOI-2494 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.41 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.35−0.15+0.16 R⊕) and a hot Saturn (P = 8.38 days) with grazing transits, while TOI-5143 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.38 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.73−0.17+0.19 R⊕) and a hot Jupiter (P = 5.21 days) with grazing transits. We measure the masses of TOI-2494 c (80 ± 19 M⊕) and TOI-5143 c (208 ± 14 M⊕), place upper limits on the masses of the smaller planets, and explore the architectures of the planetary systems. TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c join a small but growing number of short-period giant planets known to be flanked by smaller companions. While the absence of close neighbors to most hot Jupiters would be consistent with disruptive dynamical evolution, the presence of nearby small planets in some hot Jupiter systems points to a separate, dynamically quiet formation pathway. In support of this conclusion, we present preliminary evidence that hot giant planets with small nearby companions tend to have low mutual orbital inclinations, consistent with the mutual inclination distribution of the dynamically quiet population of compact systems of multiple super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.

AB - We present the TESS-based discoveries of planetary systems orbiting the late G dwarfs TOI-2494 and TOI-5143, each of which harbors a hot giant planet and a smaller interior planet. TOI-2494 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.41 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.35−0.15+0.16 R⊕) and a hot Saturn (P = 8.38 days) with grazing transits, while TOI-5143 hosts a transiting mini-Neptune (P = 2.38 days, (Formula presented) RP=2.73−0.17+0.19 R⊕) and a hot Jupiter (P = 5.21 days) with grazing transits. We measure the masses of TOI-2494 c (80 ± 19 M⊕) and TOI-5143 c (208 ± 14 M⊕), place upper limits on the masses of the smaller planets, and explore the architectures of the planetary systems. TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c join a small but growing number of short-period giant planets known to be flanked by smaller companions. While the absence of close neighbors to most hot Jupiters would be consistent with disruptive dynamical evolution, the presence of nearby small planets in some hot Jupiter systems points to a separate, dynamically quiet formation pathway. In support of this conclusion, we present preliminary evidence that hot giant planets with small nearby companions tend to have low mutual orbital inclinations, consistent with the mutual inclination distribution of the dynamically quiet population of compact systems of multiple super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.

KW - Exoplanet evolution (491)

KW - Exoplanet migration (2205)

KW - Exoplanet systems (484)

KW - Exoplanets (498)

KW - Hot Jupiters (753)

KW - Mini-Neptunes (1063)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105039298478

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105039298478#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ae5b6a

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105039298478

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 171

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 6

ER -

TOI-2494 c and TOI-5143 c: A Hot Saturn and a Hot Jupiter with Interior Planetary Companions

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