@article{05e7dcddd8fd471d88fda779b83c4218,
title = "TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to Have Originated from High-eccentricity Migration",
abstract = "We report the discovery of two transiting planets around the bright (V = 9.9 mag) main-sequence F7 star TOI-1670 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. TOI-1670 b is a sub-Neptune ( Rb=2.06-0.15+0.19 R) on a 10.9 day orbit, and TOI-1670 c is a warm Jupiter ( Rc=0.987-0.025+0.025 R Jup) on a 40.7 day orbit. Using radial velocity observations gathered with the Tull Coud{\'e} Spectrograph on the Harlan J. Smith telescope and HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we find a planet mass of Mc=0.63-0.08+0.09 M Jup for the outer warm Jupiter, implying a mean density of ρc=0.81-0.11+0.13 g cm-3. The inner sub-Neptune is undetected in our radial velocity data (M b < 0.13 M Jup at the 99% confidence level). Multiplanet systems like TOI-1670 hosting an outer warm Jupiter on a nearly circular orbit ( ec=0.09-0.04+0.05 ) and one or more inner coplanar planets are more consistent with {"}gentle{"}formation mechanisms such as disk migration or in situ formation rather than high-eccentricity migration. Of the 11 known systems with a warm Jupiter and a smaller inner companion, eight (73%) are near a low-order mean-motion resonance, which can be a signature of migration. TOI-1670 joins two other systems (27% of this subsample) with period commensurabilities greater than 3, a common feature of in situ formation or halted inward migration. TOI-1670 and the handful of similar systems support a diversity of formation pathways for warm Jupiters.",
author = "Tran, {Quang H.} and Bowler, {Brendan P.} and Michael Endl and Cochran, {William D.} and MacQueen, {Phillip J.} and Davide Gandolfi and Persson, {Carina M.} and Malcolm Fridlund and Enric Palle and Grzegorz Nowak and Deeg, {Hans J.} and Rafael Luque and Livingston, {John H.} and Petr Kab{\'a}th and Marek Skarka and J{\'a}n {\v S}ubjak and Howell, {Steve B.} and Albrecht, {Simon H.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Massimiliano Esposito and {Van Eylen}, Vincent and Sascha Grziwa and Elisa Goffo and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Marie Karjalainen and Raine Karjalainen and Emil Knudstrup and Judith Korth and Lam, {Kristine W.F.} and Latham, {David W.} and Levine, {Alan M.} and Osborne, {H. L.M.} and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Seth Redfield and Ricker, {George R.} and S. Seager and Serrano, {Luisa Maria} and Smith, {Alexis M.S.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Winn, {Joshua N.}",
note = "Funding Information: Observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument {\textquoteleft}Alopeke. {\textquoteleft}Alopeke was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. {\textquoteleft}Alopeke was mounted on the Gemini North telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog{\'i}a e Innovaci{\'o}n (Argentina), Minist{\'e}rio da Ci{\^e}ncia, Tecnologia, Inova{\c c}{\~o}es e Comunica{\c c}{\~o}es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). Funding Information: C.M.P. and M.F. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 65/19 and 177/19). J.K. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; DNR 2020-00104). P.K., M.S., J.S., and R.K. acknowledge the financial support of Inter-transfer grant No. LTT-20015. M.K. acknowledges support from ESAs PEA4000127913. M.E. acknowledges the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (HA 3279/12-1). Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by the Danish National Research Foundation (grant agreement No. DNRF106). D.G. and L.M.S. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Cassa di Risparmio di Torino (CRT) foundation under grant No. 2018.2323 “Gaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds.” This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP20K14518 and SATELLITE Research from Astrobiology Center (AB022006). Funding Information: Q.H.T. and B.P.B. acknowledge support from a NASA FINESST grant (80NSSC20K1554). This work benefited from involvement in ExoExplorers, which is sponsored by the Exoplanets Program Analysis Group (ExoPAG) and NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program Office (ExEP). B.P.B. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation grant AST-1909209 and NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant 20-XRP20_2-0119. Funding Information: Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA{\textquoteright}s Science Mission Directorate. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding Information: Observations in the paper made use of the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet and Stellar Speckle Imager (NESSI). NESSI was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and the NASA Ames Research Center. NESSI was built at the Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. The authors are honored to be permitted to conduct observations on Iolkam Du{\textquoteright}ag (Kitt Peak), a mountain within the Tohono O{\textquoteright}odham Nation with particular significance to the Tohono O{\textquoteright}odham people. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac5c4f",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "163",
journal = "Astronomical Journal",
issn = "0004-6256",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "5",
}