Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b

K. Barkaoui; R. P. Schwarz; N. Narita; P. Mistry; C. Magliano; T. Hirano; M. Maity; A. J. Burgasser; B. V. Rackham; F. Murgas; F. J. Pozuelos; K. G. Stassun; M. E. Everett; D. R. Ciardi; C. Lamman; E. K. Pass; A. Bieryla; C. Aganze; E. Esparza-Borges; K. A. Collins; G. Covone; J. De Leon; M. Dévora-Pajares; J. De Wit; Izuru Fukuda; A. Fukui; R. Gerasimov; M. Gillon; Y. Hayashi; S. B. Howell; M. Ikoma; K. Ikuta; J. M. Jenkins; P. R. Karpoor; Y. Kawai; T. Kimura; T. Kotani; D. W. Latham; M. Mori; E. Pallé; H. Parviainen; Y. G. Patel; G. Ricker; H. M. Relles; A. Shporer; S. Seager; E. Softich; G. Srdoc; M. Tamura; C. A. Theissen; J. D. Twicken; R. Vanderspek; N. Watanabe; C. N. Watkins; J. N. Winn; B. Wohler

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202349127

Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b

K. Barkaoui, R. P. Schwarz, N. Narita, P. Mistry, C. Magliano, T. Hirano, M. Maity, A. J. Burgasser, B. V. Rackham, F. Murgas, F. J. Pozuelos, K. G. Stassun, M. E. Everett, D. R. Ciardi, C. Lamman, E. K. Pass, A. Bieryla, C. Aganze, E. Esparza-Borges, K. A. CollinsG. Covone, J. De Leon, M. Dévora-Pajares, J. De Wit, Izuru Fukuda, A. Fukui, R. Gerasimov, M. Gillon, Y. Hayashi, S. B. Howell, M. Ikoma, K. Ikuta, J. M. Jenkins, P. R. Karpoor, Y. Kawai, T. Kimura, T. Kotani, D. W. Latham, M. Mori, E. Pallé, H. Parviainen, Y. G. Patel, G. Ricker, H. M. Relles, A. Shporer, S. Seager, E. Softich, G. Srdoc, M. Tamura, C. A. Theissen, J. D. Twicken, R. Vanderspek, N. Watanabe, C. N. Watkins, J. N. Winn, B. Wohler

Astrophysical Sciences

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Abstract

One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 Rp. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 Sp. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 Sp. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3upper limit of Mp < 4 Mp, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 Sp. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	A264
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	687
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202349127
State	Published - Jul 1 2024

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

Stars: individual: TOI-5720
Stars: individual: TOI-6008
Stars: individual: TOI-6086
Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities

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10.1051/0004-6361/202349127

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Barkaoui, K., Schwarz, R. P., Narita, N., Mistry, P., Magliano, C., Hirano, T., Maity, M., Burgasser, A. J., Rackham, B. V., Murgas, F., Pozuelos, F. J., Stassun, K. G., Everett, M. E., Ciardi, D. R., Lamman, C., Pass, E. K., Bieryla, A., Aganze, C., Esparza-Borges, E., ... Wohler, B. (2024). Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 687, Article A264. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202349127

@article{5d4c3502bc6342aaaa488cf8c6d79d2a,

title = "Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b",

abstract = "One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 Rp. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 Sp. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 Sp. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3upper limit of Mp < 4 Mp, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 Sp. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.",

keywords = "Stars: individual: TOI-5720, Stars: individual: TOI-6008, Stars: individual: TOI-6086, Techniques: photometric, Techniques: radial velocities",

author = "K. Barkaoui and Schwarz, {R. P.} and N. Narita and P. Mistry and C. Magliano and T. Hirano and M. Maity and Burgasser, {A. J.} and Rackham, {B. V.} and F. Murgas and Pozuelos, {F. J.} and Stassun, {K. G.} and Everett, {M. E.} and Ciardi, {D. R.} and C. Lamman and Pass, {E. K.} and A. Bieryla and C. Aganze and E. Esparza-Borges and Collins, {K. A.} and G. Covone and {De Leon}, J. and M. D{\'e}vora-Pajares and {De Wit}, J. and Izuru Fukuda and A. Fukui and R. Gerasimov and M. Gillon and Y. Hayashi and Howell, {S. B.} and M. Ikoma and K. Ikuta and Jenkins, {J. M.} and Karpoor, {P. R.} and Y. Kawai and T. Kimura and T. Kotani and Latham, {D. W.} and M. Mori and E. Pall{\'e} and H. Parviainen and Patel, {Y. G.} and G. Ricker and Relles, {H. M.} and A. Shporer and S. Seager and E. Softich and G. Srdoc and M. Tamura and Theissen, {C. A.} and Twicken, {J. D.} and R. Vanderspek and N. Watanabe and Watkins, {C. N.} and Winn, {J. N.} and B. Wohler",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202349127",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "687",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

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Barkaoui, K, Schwarz, RP, Narita, N, Mistry, P, Magliano, C, Hirano, T, Maity, M, Burgasser, AJ, Rackham, BV, Murgas, F, Pozuelos, FJ, Stassun, KG, Everett, ME, Ciardi, DR, Lamman, C, Pass, EK, Bieryla, A, Aganze, C, Esparza-Borges, E, Collins, KA, Covone, G, De Leon, J, Dévora-Pajares, M, De Wit, J, Fukuda, I, Fukui, A, Gerasimov, R, Gillon, M, Hayashi, Y, Howell, SB, Ikoma, M, Ikuta, K, Jenkins, JM, Karpoor, PR, Kawai, Y, Kimura, T, Kotani, T, Latham, DW, Mori, M, Pallé, E, Parviainen, H, Patel, YG, Ricker, G, Relles, HM, Shporer, A, Seager, S, Softich, E, Srdoc, G, Tamura, M, Theissen, CA, Twicken, JD, Vanderspek, R, Watanabe, N, Watkins, CN, Winn, JN & Wohler, B 2024, 'Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 687, A264. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202349127

TY - JOUR

T1 - Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS

T2 - TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b

AU - Barkaoui, K.

AU - Schwarz, R. P.

AU - Narita, N.

AU - Mistry, P.

AU - Magliano, C.

AU - Hirano, T.

AU - Maity, M.

AU - Burgasser, A. J.

AU - Rackham, B. V.

AU - Murgas, F.

AU - Pozuelos, F. J.

AU - Stassun, K. G.

AU - Everett, M. E.

AU - Ciardi, D. R.

AU - Lamman, C.

AU - Pass, E. K.

AU - Bieryla, A.

AU - Aganze, C.

AU - Esparza-Borges, E.

AU - Collins, K. A.

AU - Covone, G.

AU - De Leon, J.

AU - Dévora-Pajares, M.

AU - De Wit, J.

AU - Fukuda, Izuru

AU - Fukui, A.

AU - Gerasimov, R.

AU - Gillon, M.

AU - Hayashi, Y.

AU - Howell, S. B.

AU - Ikoma, M.

AU - Ikuta, K.

AU - Jenkins, J. M.

AU - Karpoor, P. R.

AU - Kawai, Y.

AU - Kimura, T.

AU - Kotani, T.

AU - Latham, D. W.

AU - Mori, M.

AU - Pallé, E.

AU - Parviainen, H.

AU - Patel, Y. G.

AU - Ricker, G.

AU - Relles, H. M.

AU - Shporer, A.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Softich, E.

AU - Srdoc, G.

AU - Tamura, M.

AU - Theissen, C. A.

AU - Twicken, J. D.

AU - Vanderspek, R.

AU - Watanabe, N.

AU - Watkins, C. N.

AU - Winn, J. N.

AU - Wohler, B.

PY - 2024/7/1

Y1 - 2024/7/1

N2 - One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 Rp. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 Sp. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 Sp. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3upper limit of Mp < 4 Mp, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 Sp. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.

AB - One of the main goals of the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. We present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multicolor light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD radial velocity data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720 b is an Earth-sized planet with a radius of Rp = 1.09 ± 0.07 Rp. It orbits a nearby (36 pc) M 2.5 host with an orbital period of P = 1.4344555 ± 0.0000036 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 708 ± 19 K (assuming a null albedo) and an incident flux of Sp = 41.7 ± 4.5 Sp. TOI-6008 b is a short-period planet of P = 0.8574347 ± 0.0000424 day. It has a radius of Rp = 1.03 ± 0.05 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 707 ± 19 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 41.5 ± 4.5 Sp. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (23 pc) M 5 with an effective temperature of Teff = 3075 ± 75 K. Based on the radial velocity measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3upper limit of Mp < 4 Mp, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086 b orbits its nearby (32 pc) M 3 host star (Teff = 3200 ± 75 K) every 1.3888725 ± 0.0000827 days and has a radius of Rp = 1.18 ± 0.07 Rp, an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 634 ± 16 K, and an incident flux of Sp = 26.8 ± 2.7 Sp. Additional high-precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M dwarfs are suitable targets for an atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope through transmission and emission spectroscopy and phase-curve photometry.

KW - Stars: individual: TOI-5720

KW - Stars: individual: TOI-6008

KW - Stars: individual: TOI-6086

KW - Techniques: photometric

KW - Techniques: radial velocities

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85199678751&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85199678751&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202349127

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202349127

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85199678751

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 687

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A264

ER -

Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720 b, TOI-6008 b, and TOI-6086 b

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