Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS

Zitao Lin; Tianjun Gan; Sharon X. Wang; Avi Shporer; Markus Rabus; George Zhou; Angelica Psaridi; François Bouchy; Allyson Bieryla; David W. Latham; Shude Mao; Keivan G. Stassun; Coel Hellier; Steve B. Howell; Carl Ziegler; Douglas A. Caldwell; Catherine A. Clark; Karen A. Collins; Jason L. Curtis; Jacqueline K. Faherty; Crystal L. Gnilka; Samuel K. Grunblatt; Jon M. Jenkins; Marshall C. Johnson; Nicholas Law; Monika Lendl; Colin Littlefield; Michael B. Lund; Mikkel N. Lund; Andrew W. Mann; Scott McDermott; Lokesh Mishra; Dany Mounzer; Martin Paegert; Tyler Pritchard; George R. Ricker; Sara Seager; Gregor Srdoc; Qinghui Sun; Jiaxin Tang; Stephane Udry; Roland Vanderspek; David Watanabe; Joshua N. Winn; Jie Yu

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1745

Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS

Zitao Lin, Tianjun Gan, Sharon X. Wang, Avi Shporer, Markus Rabus, George Zhou, Angelica Psaridi, François Bouchy, Allyson Bieryla, David W. Latham, Shude Mao, Keivan G. Stassun, Coel Hellier, Steve B. Howell, Carl Ziegler, Douglas A. Caldwell, Catherine A. Clark, Karen A. Collins, Jason L. Curtis, Jacqueline K. FahertyCrystal L. Gnilka, Samuel K. Grunblatt, Jon M. Jenkins, Marshall C. Johnson, Nicholas Law, Monika Lendl, Colin Littlefield, Michael B. Lund, Mikkel N. Lund, Andrew W. Mann, Scott McDermott, Lokesh Mishra, Dany Mounzer, Martin Paegert, Tyler Pritchard, George R. Ricker, Sara Seager, Gregor Srdoc, Qinghui Sun, Jiaxin Tang, Stephane Udry, Roland Vanderspek, David Watanabe, Joshua N. Winn, Jie Yu

Astrophysical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the discovery of three transiting low-mass companions to aged stars: A brown dwarf (TOI-2336b) and two objects near the hydrogen burning mass limit (TOI-1608b and TOI-2521b). These three systems were first identified using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-2336b has a radius of 1.05 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 69.9 ± 2.3 MJ and an orbital period of 7.71 d. TOI-1608b has a radius of 1.21 ± 0.06 RJ, a mass of 90.7 ± 3.7 MJ and an orbital period of 2.47 d. TOI-2521b has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 77.5 ± 3.3 MJ, and an orbital period of 5.56 d. We found all these low-mass companions are inflated. We fitted a relation between radius, mass, and incident flux using the sample of known transiting brown dwarfs and low-mass M dwarfs. We found a positive correlation between the flux and the radius for brown dwarfs and for low-mass stars that is weaker than the correlation observed for giant planets. We also found that TOI-1608 and TOI-2521 are very likely to be spin-orbit synchronized, leading to the unusually rapid rotation of the primary stars considering their evolutionary stages. Our estimates indicate that both systems have much shorter spin-orbit synchronization time-scales compared to their ages. These systems provide valuable insights into the evolution of stellar systems with brown dwarf and low-mass stellar companions influenced by tidal effects.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	6162-6185
Number of pages	24
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	523
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1745
State	Published - Aug 1 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

(stars:) brown dwarfs
stars: low mass
techniques: photometric
techniques: radial velocities

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10.1093/mnras/stad1745

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Lin, Z., Gan, T., Wang, S. X., Shporer, A., Rabus, M., Zhou, G., Psaridi, A., Bouchy, F., Bieryla, A., Latham, D. W., Mao, S., Stassun, K. G., Hellier, C., Howell, S. B., Ziegler, C., Caldwell, D. A., Clark, C. A., Collins, K. A., Curtis, J. L., ... Yu, J. (2023). Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 523(4), 6162-6185. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1745

@article{2ce4b786fcab4cdbb411132ed68b379e,

title = "Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS",

abstract = "We report the discovery of three transiting low-mass companions to aged stars: A brown dwarf (TOI-2336b) and two objects near the hydrogen burning mass limit (TOI-1608b and TOI-2521b). These three systems were first identified using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-2336b has a radius of 1.05 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 69.9 ± 2.3 MJ and an orbital period of 7.71 d. TOI-1608b has a radius of 1.21 ± 0.06 RJ, a mass of 90.7 ± 3.7 MJ and an orbital period of 2.47 d. TOI-2521b has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 77.5 ± 3.3 MJ, and an orbital period of 5.56 d. We found all these low-mass companions are inflated. We fitted a relation between radius, mass, and incident flux using the sample of known transiting brown dwarfs and low-mass M dwarfs. We found a positive correlation between the flux and the radius for brown dwarfs and for low-mass stars that is weaker than the correlation observed for giant planets. We also found that TOI-1608 and TOI-2521 are very likely to be spin-orbit synchronized, leading to the unusually rapid rotation of the primary stars considering their evolutionary stages. Our estimates indicate that both systems have much shorter spin-orbit synchronization time-scales compared to their ages. These systems provide valuable insights into the evolution of stellar systems with brown dwarf and low-mass stellar companions influenced by tidal effects.",

keywords = "(stars:) brown dwarfs, stars: low mass, techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities",

author = "Zitao Lin and Tianjun Gan and Wang, {Sharon X.} and Avi Shporer and Markus Rabus and George Zhou and Angelica Psaridi and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Allyson Bieryla and Latham, {David W.} and Shude Mao and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Coel Hellier and Howell, {Steve B.} and Carl Ziegler and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Clark, {Catherine A.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Curtis, {Jason L.} and Faherty, {Jacqueline K.} and Gnilka, {Crystal L.} and Grunblatt, {Samuel K.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Johnson, {Marshall C.} and Nicholas Law and Monika Lendl and Colin Littlefield and Lund, {Michael B.} and Lund, {Mikkel N.} and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Scott McDermott and Lokesh Mishra and Dany Mounzer and Martin Paegert and Tyler Pritchard and Ricker, {George R.} and Sara Seager and Gregor Srdoc and Qinghui Sun and Jiaxin Tang and Stephane Udry and Roland Vanderspek and David Watanabe and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jie Yu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad1745",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "523",

pages = "6162--6185",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Lin, Z, Gan, T, Wang, SX, Shporer, A, Rabus, M, Zhou, G, Psaridi, A, Bouchy, F, Bieryla, A, Latham, DW, Mao, S, Stassun, KG, Hellier, C, Howell, SB, Ziegler, C, Caldwell, DA, Clark, CA, Collins, KA, Curtis, JL, Faherty, JK, Gnilka, CL, Grunblatt, SK, Jenkins, JM, Johnson, MC, Law, N, Lendl, M, Littlefield, C, Lund, MB, Lund, MN, Mann, AW, McDermott, S, Mishra, L, Mounzer, D, Paegert, M, Pritchard, T, Ricker, GR, Seager, S, Srdoc, G, Sun, Q, Tang, J, Udry, S, Vanderspek, R, Watanabe, D, Winn, JN & Yu, J 2023, 'Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 523, no. 4, pp. 6162-6185. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1745

TY - JOUR

T1 - Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS

AU - Lin, Zitao

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Wang, Sharon X.

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Rabus, Markus

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Psaridi, Angelica

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Mao, Shude

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Clark, Catherine A.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Curtis, Jason L.

AU - Faherty, Jacqueline K.

AU - Gnilka, Crystal L.

AU - Grunblatt, Samuel K.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Johnson, Marshall C.

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Lendl, Monika

AU - Littlefield, Colin

AU - Lund, Michael B.

AU - Lund, Mikkel N.

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - McDermott, Scott

AU - Mishra, Lokesh

AU - Mounzer, Dany

AU - Paegert, Martin

AU - Pritchard, Tyler

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Sun, Qinghui

AU - Tang, Jiaxin

AU - Udry, Stephane

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Watanabe, David

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Yu, Jie

PY - 2023/8/1

Y1 - 2023/8/1

N2 - We report the discovery of three transiting low-mass companions to aged stars: A brown dwarf (TOI-2336b) and two objects near the hydrogen burning mass limit (TOI-1608b and TOI-2521b). These three systems were first identified using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-2336b has a radius of 1.05 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 69.9 ± 2.3 MJ and an orbital period of 7.71 d. TOI-1608b has a radius of 1.21 ± 0.06 RJ, a mass of 90.7 ± 3.7 MJ and an orbital period of 2.47 d. TOI-2521b has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 77.5 ± 3.3 MJ, and an orbital period of 5.56 d. We found all these low-mass companions are inflated. We fitted a relation between radius, mass, and incident flux using the sample of known transiting brown dwarfs and low-mass M dwarfs. We found a positive correlation between the flux and the radius for brown dwarfs and for low-mass stars that is weaker than the correlation observed for giant planets. We also found that TOI-1608 and TOI-2521 are very likely to be spin-orbit synchronized, leading to the unusually rapid rotation of the primary stars considering their evolutionary stages. Our estimates indicate that both systems have much shorter spin-orbit synchronization time-scales compared to their ages. These systems provide valuable insights into the evolution of stellar systems with brown dwarf and low-mass stellar companions influenced by tidal effects.

AB - We report the discovery of three transiting low-mass companions to aged stars: A brown dwarf (TOI-2336b) and two objects near the hydrogen burning mass limit (TOI-1608b and TOI-2521b). These three systems were first identified using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-2336b has a radius of 1.05 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 69.9 ± 2.3 MJ and an orbital period of 7.71 d. TOI-1608b has a radius of 1.21 ± 0.06 RJ, a mass of 90.7 ± 3.7 MJ and an orbital period of 2.47 d. TOI-2521b has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 77.5 ± 3.3 MJ, and an orbital period of 5.56 d. We found all these low-mass companions are inflated. We fitted a relation between radius, mass, and incident flux using the sample of known transiting brown dwarfs and low-mass M dwarfs. We found a positive correlation between the flux and the radius for brown dwarfs and for low-mass stars that is weaker than the correlation observed for giant planets. We also found that TOI-1608 and TOI-2521 are very likely to be spin-orbit synchronized, leading to the unusually rapid rotation of the primary stars considering their evolutionary stages. Our estimates indicate that both systems have much shorter spin-orbit synchronization time-scales compared to their ages. These systems provide valuable insights into the evolution of stellar systems with brown dwarf and low-mass stellar companions influenced by tidal effects.

KW - (stars:) brown dwarfs

KW - stars: low mass

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - techniques: radial velocities

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165185060&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85165185060&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad1745

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad1745

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85165185060

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 523

SP - 6162

EP - 6185

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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