@article{2ce4b786fcab4cdbb411132ed68b379e,
title = "Three low-mass companions around aged stars discovered by TESS",
abstract = "We report the discovery of three transiting low-mass companions to aged stars: A brown dwarf (TOI-2336b) and two objects near the hydrogen burning mass limit (TOI-1608b and TOI-2521b). These three systems were first identified using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-2336b has a radius of 1.05 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 69.9 ± 2.3 MJ and an orbital period of 7.71 d. TOI-1608b has a radius of 1.21 ± 0.06 RJ, a mass of 90.7 ± 3.7 MJ and an orbital period of 2.47 d. TOI-2521b has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.04 RJ, a mass of 77.5 ± 3.3 MJ, and an orbital period of 5.56 d. We found all these low-mass companions are inflated. We fitted a relation between radius, mass, and incident flux using the sample of known transiting brown dwarfs and low-mass M dwarfs. We found a positive correlation between the flux and the radius for brown dwarfs and for low-mass stars that is weaker than the correlation observed for giant planets. We also found that TOI-1608 and TOI-2521 are very likely to be spin-orbit synchronized, leading to the unusually rapid rotation of the primary stars considering their evolutionary stages. Our estimates indicate that both systems have much shorter spin-orbit synchronization time-scales compared to their ages. These systems provide valuable insights into the evolution of stellar systems with brown dwarf and low-mass stellar companions influenced by tidal effects.",
keywords = "(stars:) brown dwarfs, stars: low mass, techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities",
author = "Zitao Lin and Tianjun Gan and Wang, {Sharon X.} and Avi Shporer and Markus Rabus and George Zhou and Angelica Psaridi and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Allyson Bieryla and Latham, {David W.} and Shude Mao and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Coel Hellier and Howell, {Steve B.} and Carl Ziegler and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Clark, {Catherine A.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Curtis, {Jason L.} and Faherty, {Jacqueline K.} and Gnilka, {Crystal L.} and Grunblatt, {Samuel K.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Johnson, {Marshall C.} and Nicholas Law and Monika Lendl and Colin Littlefield and Lund, {Michael B.} and Lund, {Mikkel N.} and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Scott McDermott and Lokesh Mishra and Dany Mounzer and Martin Paegert and Tyler Pritchard and Ricker, {George R.} and Sara Seager and Gregor Srdoc and Qinghui Sun and Jiaxin Tang and Stephane Udry and Roland Vanderspek and David Watanabe and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jie Yu",
note = "Funding Information: TG and SM acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation of China (grant no. 12133005). We thank the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Geneva University for their continuous support to our planet search programmes. This work has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grants 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. ML acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. Funding Information: Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA{\textquoteright}s Science Mission Directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS SPOC. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; doi: 10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Funding Information: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular, the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Funding Information: This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",
year = "2023",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad1745",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "523",
pages = "6162--6185",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "4",
}