The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272

Mason G. MacDougall; Erik A. Petigura; Tara Fetherolf; Corey Beard; Jack Lubin; Isabel Angelo; Natalie M. Batalha; Aida Behmard; Sarah Blunt; Casey Brinkman; Ashley Chontos; Ian J.M. Crossfield; Fei Dai; Paul A. Dalba; Courtney Dressing; Benjamin Fulton; Steven Giacalone; Michelle L. Hill; Andrew W. Howard; Daniel Huber; Howard Isaacson; Stephen R. Kane; Molly Kosiarek; Andrew Mayo; Teo Močnik; Joseph M. Akana Murphy; Daria Pidhorodetska; Alex Polanski; Malena Rice; Paul Robertson; Lee J. Rosenthal; Arpita Roy; Ryan A. Rubenzahl; Nicholas Scarsdale; Emma V. Turtelboom; Dakotah Tyler; Judah Van Zandt; Lauren M. Weiss; Emma Esparza-Borges; Akihiko Fukui; Keisuke Isogai; Kiyoe Kawauchi; Mayuko Mori; Felipe Murgas; Norio Narita; Taku Nishiumi; Enric Palle; Hannu Parviainen; Noriharu Watanabe; Jon M. Jenkins; David W. Latham; George R. Ricker; S. Seager; Roland K. Vanderspek; Joshua N. Winn; Allyson Bieryla; Douglas A. Caldwell; Diana Dragomir; M. M. Fausnaugh; Ismael Mireles; David R. Rodriguez

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1

The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272

Mason G. MacDougall, Erik A. Petigura, Tara Fetherolf, Corey Beard, Jack Lubin, Isabel Angelo, Natalie M. Batalha, Aida Behmard, Sarah Blunt, Casey Brinkman, Ashley Chontos, Ian J.M. Crossfield, Fei Dai, Paul A. Dalba, Courtney Dressing, Benjamin Fulton, Steven Giacalone, Michelle L. Hill, Andrew W. Howard, Daniel HuberHoward Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Molly Kosiarek, Andrew Mayo, Teo Močnik, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Daria Pidhorodetska, Alex Polanski, Malena Rice, Paul Robertson, Lee J. Rosenthal, Arpita Roy, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Nicholas Scarsdale, Emma V. Turtelboom, Dakotah Tyler, Judah Van Zandt, Lauren M. Weiss, Emma Esparza-Borges, Akihiko Fukui, Keisuke Isogai, Kiyoe Kawauchi, Mayuko Mori, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Taku Nishiumi, Enric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Noriharu Watanabe, Jon M. Jenkins, David W. Latham, George R. Ricker, S. Seager, Roland K. Vanderspek, Joshua N. Winn, Allyson Bieryla, Douglas A. Caldwell, Diana Dragomir, M. M. Fausnaugh, Ismael Mireles, David R. Rodriguez

Astrophysical Sciences

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Abstract

We report the discovery of an eccentric hot Neptune and a non-transiting outer planet around TOI-1272. We identified the eccentricity of the inner planet, with an orbital period of 3.3 days and R _p,b = 4.1 ± 0.2 R _⊕, based on a mismatch between the observed transit duration and the expected duration for a circular orbit. Using ground-based radial velocity (RV) measurements from the HIRES instrument at the Keck Observatory, we measured the mass of TOI-1272b to be M _p,b = 25 ± 2 M _⊕. We also confirmed a high eccentricity of e _b = 0.34 ± 0.06, placing TOI-1272b among the most eccentric well-characterized sub-Jovians. We used these RV measurements to also identify a non-transiting outer companion on an 8.7 day orbit with a similar mass of M _p,c sin i = 27 ± 3 M _⊕ and e _c ≲ 0.35. Dynamically stable planet-planet interactions have likely allowed TOI-1272b to avoid tidal eccentricity decay despite the short circularization timescale expected for a close-in eccentric Neptune. TOI-1272b also maintains an envelope mass fraction of f _env ≈ 11% despite its high equilibrium temperature, implying that it may currently be undergoing photoevaporation. This planet joins a small population of short-period Neptune-like planets within the “Hot Neptune Desert” with a poorly understood formation pathway.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	97
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	164
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1
State	Published - Sep 1 2022

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1

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MacDougall, M. G., Petigura, E. A., Fetherolf, T., Beard, C., Lubin, J., Angelo, I., Batalha, N. M., Behmard, A., Blunt, S., Brinkman, C., Chontos, A., Crossfield, I. J. M., Dai, F., Dalba, P. A., Dressing, C., Fulton, B., Giacalone, S., Hill, M. L., Howard, A. W., ... Rodriguez, D. R. (2022). The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272. Astronomical Journal, 164(3), Article 97. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1

@article{a05fdf7435cf4490b37f9178113e705c,

title = "The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272",

abstract = "We report the discovery of an eccentric hot Neptune and a non-transiting outer planet around TOI-1272. We identified the eccentricity of the inner planet, with an orbital period of 3.3 days and R p,b = 4.1 ± 0.2 R ⊕, based on a mismatch between the observed transit duration and the expected duration for a circular orbit. Using ground-based radial velocity (RV) measurements from the HIRES instrument at the Keck Observatory, we measured the mass of TOI-1272b to be M p,b = 25 ± 2 M ⊕. We also confirmed a high eccentricity of e b = 0.34 ± 0.06, placing TOI-1272b among the most eccentric well-characterized sub-Jovians. We used these RV measurements to also identify a non-transiting outer companion on an 8.7 day orbit with a similar mass of M p,c sin i = 27 ± 3 M ⊕ and e c ≲ 0.35. Dynamically stable planet-planet interactions have likely allowed TOI-1272b to avoid tidal eccentricity decay despite the short circularization timescale expected for a close-in eccentric Neptune. TOI-1272b also maintains an envelope mass fraction of f env ≈ 11% despite its high equilibrium temperature, implying that it may currently be undergoing photoevaporation. This planet joins a small population of short-period Neptune-like planets within the “Hot Neptune Desert” with a poorly understood formation pathway.",

author = "MacDougall, {Mason G.} and Petigura, {Erik A.} and Tara Fetherolf and Corey Beard and Jack Lubin and Isabel Angelo and Batalha, {Natalie M.} and Aida Behmard and Sarah Blunt and Casey Brinkman and Ashley Chontos and Crossfield, {Ian J.M.} and Fei Dai and Dalba, {Paul A.} and Courtney Dressing and Benjamin Fulton and Steven Giacalone and Hill, {Michelle L.} and Howard, {Andrew W.} and Daniel Huber and Howard Isaacson and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Molly Kosiarek and Andrew Mayo and Teo Mo{\v c}nik and {Akana Murphy}, {Joseph M.} and Daria Pidhorodetska and Alex Polanski and Malena Rice and Paul Robertson and Rosenthal, {Lee J.} and Arpita Roy and Rubenzahl, {Ryan A.} and Nicholas Scarsdale and Turtelboom, {Emma V.} and Dakotah Tyler and {Van Zandt}, Judah and Weiss, {Lauren M.} and Emma Esparza-Borges and Akihiko Fukui and Keisuke Isogai and Kiyoe Kawauchi and Mayuko Mori and Felipe Murgas and Norio Narita and Taku Nishiumi and Enric Palle and Hannu Parviainen and Noriharu Watanabe and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Latham, {David W.} and Ricker, {George R.} and S. Seager and Vanderspek, {Roland K.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Allyson Bieryla and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and Diana Dragomir and Fausnaugh, {M. M.} and Ismael Mireles and Rodriguez, {David R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "164",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

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MacDougall, MG, Petigura, EA, Fetherolf, T, Beard, C, Lubin, J, Angelo, I, Batalha, NM, Behmard, A, Blunt, S, Brinkman, C, Chontos, A, Crossfield, IJM, Dai, F, Dalba, PA, Dressing, C, Fulton, B, Giacalone, S, Hill, ML, Howard, AW, Huber, D, Isaacson, H, Kane, SR, Kosiarek, M, Mayo, A, Močnik, T, Akana Murphy, JM, Pidhorodetska, D, Polanski, A, Rice, M, Robertson, P, Rosenthal, LJ, Roy, A, Rubenzahl, RA, Scarsdale, N, Turtelboom, EV, Tyler, D, Van Zandt, J, Weiss, LM, Esparza-Borges, E, Fukui, A, Isogai, K, Kawauchi, K, Mori, M, Murgas, F, Narita, N, Nishiumi, T, Palle, E, Parviainen, H, Watanabe, N, Jenkins, JM, Latham, DW, Ricker, GR, Seager, S, Vanderspek, RK, Winn, JN, Bieryla, A, Caldwell, DA, Dragomir, D, Fausnaugh, MM, Mireles, I & Rodriguez, DR 2022, 'The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272', Astronomical Journal, vol. 164, no. 3, 97. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce1

TY - JOUR

T1 - The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272

AU - MacDougall, Mason G.

AU - Petigura, Erik A.

AU - Fetherolf, Tara

AU - Beard, Corey

AU - Lubin, Jack

AU - Angelo, Isabel

AU - Batalha, Natalie M.

AU - Behmard, Aida

AU - Blunt, Sarah

AU - Brinkman, Casey

AU - Chontos, Ashley

AU - Crossfield, Ian J.M.

AU - Dai, Fei

AU - Dalba, Paul A.

AU - Dressing, Courtney

AU - Fulton, Benjamin

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Hill, Michelle L.

AU - Howard, Andrew W.

AU - Huber, Daniel

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kosiarek, Molly

AU - Mayo, Andrew

AU - Močnik, Teo

AU - Akana Murphy, Joseph M.

AU - Pidhorodetska, Daria

AU - Polanski, Alex

AU - Rice, Malena

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Rosenthal, Lee J.

AU - Roy, Arpita

AU - Rubenzahl, Ryan A.

AU - Scarsdale, Nicholas

AU - Turtelboom, Emma V.

AU - Tyler, Dakotah

AU - Van Zandt, Judah

AU - Weiss, Lauren M.

AU - Esparza-Borges, Emma

AU - Fukui, Akihiko

AU - Isogai, Keisuke

AU - Kawauchi, Kiyoe

AU - Mori, Mayuko

AU - Murgas, Felipe

AU - Narita, Norio

AU - Nishiumi, Taku

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Parviainen, Hannu

AU - Watanabe, Noriharu

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Fausnaugh, M. M.

AU - Mireles, Ismael

AU - Rodriguez, David R.

PY - 2022/9/1

Y1 - 2022/9/1

N2 - We report the discovery of an eccentric hot Neptune and a non-transiting outer planet around TOI-1272. We identified the eccentricity of the inner planet, with an orbital period of 3.3 days and R p,b = 4.1 ± 0.2 R ⊕, based on a mismatch between the observed transit duration and the expected duration for a circular orbit. Using ground-based radial velocity (RV) measurements from the HIRES instrument at the Keck Observatory, we measured the mass of TOI-1272b to be M p,b = 25 ± 2 M ⊕. We also confirmed a high eccentricity of e b = 0.34 ± 0.06, placing TOI-1272b among the most eccentric well-characterized sub-Jovians. We used these RV measurements to also identify a non-transiting outer companion on an 8.7 day orbit with a similar mass of M p,c sin i = 27 ± 3 M ⊕ and e c ≲ 0.35. Dynamically stable planet-planet interactions have likely allowed TOI-1272b to avoid tidal eccentricity decay despite the short circularization timescale expected for a close-in eccentric Neptune. TOI-1272b also maintains an envelope mass fraction of f env ≈ 11% despite its high equilibrium temperature, implying that it may currently be undergoing photoevaporation. This planet joins a small population of short-period Neptune-like planets within the “Hot Neptune Desert” with a poorly understood formation pathway.

AB - We report the discovery of an eccentric hot Neptune and a non-transiting outer planet around TOI-1272. We identified the eccentricity of the inner planet, with an orbital period of 3.3 days and R p,b = 4.1 ± 0.2 R ⊕, based on a mismatch between the observed transit duration and the expected duration for a circular orbit. Using ground-based radial velocity (RV) measurements from the HIRES instrument at the Keck Observatory, we measured the mass of TOI-1272b to be M p,b = 25 ± 2 M ⊕. We also confirmed a high eccentricity of e b = 0.34 ± 0.06, placing TOI-1272b among the most eccentric well-characterized sub-Jovians. We used these RV measurements to also identify a non-transiting outer companion on an 8.7 day orbit with a similar mass of M p,c sin i = 27 ± 3 M ⊕ and e c ≲ 0.35. Dynamically stable planet-planet interactions have likely allowed TOI-1272b to avoid tidal eccentricity decay despite the short circularization timescale expected for a close-in eccentric Neptune. TOI-1272b also maintains an envelope mass fraction of f env ≈ 11% despite its high equilibrium temperature, implying that it may currently be undergoing photoevaporation. This planet joins a small population of short-period Neptune-like planets within the “Hot Neptune Desert” with a poorly understood formation pathway.

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JO - Astronomical Journal

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ER -

The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272

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