The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561

Lauren M. Weiss; Fei Dai; Daniel Huber; John M. Brewer; Karen A. Collins; David R. Ciardi; Elisabeth C. Matthews; Carl Ziegler; Steve B. Howell; Natalie M. Batalha; Ian J.M. Crossfield; Courtney Dressing; Benjamin Fulton; Andrew W. Howard; Howard Isaacson; Stephen R. Kane; Erik A. Petigura; Paul Robertson; Arpita Roy; Ryan A. Rubenzahl; Joseph D. Twicken; Zachary R. Claytor; Keivan G. Stassun; Mason G. MacDougall; Ashley Chontos; Steven Giacalone; Paul A. Dalba; Teov Mocnik; Michelle L. Hill; Corey Beard; Joseph M.A. Murphy; Lee J. Rosenthal; Aida Behmard; Judah Van Zandt; Jack Lubin; Molly R. Kosiarek; Michael B. Lund; Jessie L. Christiansen; Rachel A. Matson; Charles A. Beichman; Joshua E. Schlieder; Erica J. Gonzales; César Briceño; Nicholas Law; Andrew W. Mann; Kevin I. Collins; Phil Evans; Akihiko Fukui; Eric L.N. Jensen; Felipe Murgas; Norio Narita; Enric Palle; Hannu Parviainen; Richard P. Schwarz; Thiam Guan Tan; Jack S. Acton; Edward M. Bryant; Alexander Chaushev; Sam Gill; Philipp Eigmüller; Jon Jenkins; George Ricker; Sara Seager; Joshua N. Winn

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd409

The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561

Lauren M. Weiss, Fei Dai, Daniel Huber, John M. Brewer, Karen A. Collins, David R. Ciardi, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Carl Ziegler, Steve B. Howell, Natalie M. Batalha, Ian J.M. Crossfield, Courtney Dressing, Benjamin Fulton, Andrew W. Howard, Howard Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Erik A. Petigura, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Ryan A. RubenzahlJoseph D. Twicken, Zachary R. Claytor, Keivan G. Stassun, Mason G. MacDougall, Ashley Chontos, Steven Giacalone, Paul A. Dalba, Teov Mocnik, Michelle L. Hill, Corey Beard, Joseph M.A. Murphy, Lee J. Rosenthal, Aida Behmard, Judah Van Zandt, Jack Lubin, Molly R. Kosiarek, Michael B. Lund, Jessie L. Christiansen, Rachel A. Matson, Charles A. Beichman, Joshua E. Schlieder, Erica J. Gonzales, César Briceño, Nicholas Law, Andrew W. Mann, Kevin I. Collins, Phil Evans, Akihiko Fukui, Eric L.N. Jensen, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Enric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Richard P. Schwarz, Thiam Guan Tan, Jack S. Acton, Edward M. Bryant, Alexander Chaushev, Sam Gill, Philipp Eigmüller, Jon Jenkins, George Ricker, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn

Astrophysical Sciences

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Abstract

We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multiplanet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultrashort- period planet. This bright (V = 10.2) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P = 0.44 days, Rp = 1.45 ± 0.11 R⊕), c (TOI-561.01, P = 10.8 days, Rp = 2.90 ± 0.13 R⊕), and d (TOI-561.03, P = 16.3 days, Rp = 2.32 ± 0.16 R⊕). The star is chemically ([Fe/ H] = -0.41 ± 0.05, [a/Fe]=+0.23 ± 0.05) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick-disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest (10 ± 3 Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of 3.2 ± 0.8M⊕ and 5.5+2.0-1.6g cm-3, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is 7.0 ± 2.3M⊕ and 1.6 ± 0.6 g cm-3, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, groundbased photometric follow-up, and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	abd409
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	161
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd409
State	Published - Feb 1 2021

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-3881/abd409

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Weiss, L. M., Dai, F., Huber, D., Brewer, J. M., Collins, K. A., Ciardi, D. R., Matthews, E. C., Ziegler, C., Howell, S. B., Batalha, N. M., Crossfield, I. J. M., Dressing, C., Fulton, B., Howard, A. W., Isaacson, H., Kane, S. R., Petigura, E. A., Robertson, P., Roy, A., ... Winn, J. N. (2021). The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561. Astronomical Journal, 161(2), Article abd409. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd409

@article{4fc087edb2004151890ef605ae600ef7,

title = "The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561",

abstract = "We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multiplanet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultrashort- period planet. This bright (V = 10.2) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P = 0.44 days, Rp = 1.45 ± 0.11 R⊕), c (TOI-561.01, P = 10.8 days, Rp = 2.90 ± 0.13 R⊕), and d (TOI-561.03, P = 16.3 days, Rp = 2.32 ± 0.16 R⊕). The star is chemically ([Fe/ H] = -0.41 ± 0.05, [a/Fe]=+0.23 ± 0.05) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick-disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest (10 ± 3 Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of 3.2 ± 0.8M⊕ and 5.5+2.0-1.6g cm-3, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is 7.0 ± 2.3M⊕ and 1.6 ± 0.6 g cm-3, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, groundbased photometric follow-up, and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.",

author = "Weiss, {Lauren M.} and Fei Dai and Daniel Huber and Brewer, {John M.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Matthews, {Elisabeth C.} and Carl Ziegler and Howell, {Steve B.} and Batalha, {Natalie M.} and Crossfield, {Ian J.M.} and Courtney Dressing and Benjamin Fulton and Howard, {Andrew W.} and Howard Isaacson and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Petigura, {Erik A.} and Paul Robertson and Arpita Roy and Rubenzahl, {Ryan A.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Claytor, {Zachary R.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and MacDougall, {Mason G.} and Ashley Chontos and Steven Giacalone and Dalba, {Paul A.} and Teov Mocnik and Hill, {Michelle L.} and Corey Beard and Murphy, {Joseph M.A.} and Rosenthal, {Lee J.} and Aida Behmard and {Van Zandt}, Judah and Jack Lubin and Kosiarek, {Molly R.} and Lund, {Michael B.} and Christiansen, {Jessie L.} and Matson, {Rachel A.} and Beichman, {Charles A.} and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Gonzales, {Erica J.} and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Nicholas Law and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Phil Evans and Akihiko Fukui and Jensen, {Eric L.N.} and Felipe Murgas and Norio Narita and Enric Palle and Hannu Parviainen and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Tan, {Thiam Guan} and Acton, {Jack S.} and Bryant, {Edward M.} and Alexander Chaushev and Sam Gill and Philipp Eigm{\"u}ller and Jon Jenkins and George Ricker and Sara Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.}",

year = "2021",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/abd409",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "161",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Weiss, LM, Dai, F, Huber, D, Brewer, JM, Collins, KA, Ciardi, DR, Matthews, EC, Ziegler, C, Howell, SB, Batalha, NM, Crossfield, IJM, Dressing, C, Fulton, B, Howard, AW, Isaacson, H, Kane, SR, Petigura, EA, Robertson, P, Roy, A, Rubenzahl, RA, Twicken, JD, Claytor, ZR, Stassun, KG, MacDougall, MG, Chontos, A, Giacalone, S, Dalba, PA, Mocnik, T, Hill, ML, Beard, C, Murphy, JMA, Rosenthal, LJ, Behmard, A, Van Zandt, J, Lubin, J, Kosiarek, MR, Lund, MB, Christiansen, JL, Matson, RA, Beichman, CA, Schlieder, JE, Gonzales, EJ, Briceño, C, Law, N, Mann, AW, Collins, KI, Evans, P, Fukui, A, Jensen, ELN, Murgas, F, Narita, N, Palle, E, Parviainen, H, Schwarz, RP, Tan, TG, Acton, JS, Bryant, EM, Chaushev, A, Gill, S, Eigmüller, P, Jenkins, J, Ricker, G, Seager, S & Winn, JN 2021, 'The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561', Astronomical Journal, vol. 161, no. 2, abd409. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd409

TY - JOUR

T1 - The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561

AU - Weiss, Lauren M.

AU - Dai, Fei

AU - Huber, Daniel

AU - Brewer, John M.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth C.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Batalha, Natalie M.

AU - Crossfield, Ian J.M.

AU - Dressing, Courtney

AU - Fulton, Benjamin

AU - Howard, Andrew W.

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Petigura, Erik A.

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Roy, Arpita

AU - Rubenzahl, Ryan A.

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Claytor, Zachary R.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - MacDougall, Mason G.

AU - Chontos, Ashley

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Dalba, Paul A.

AU - Mocnik, Teov

AU - Hill, Michelle L.

AU - Beard, Corey

AU - Murphy, Joseph M.A.

AU - Rosenthal, Lee J.

AU - Behmard, Aida

AU - Van Zandt, Judah

AU - Lubin, Jack

AU - Kosiarek, Molly R.

AU - Lund, Michael B.

AU - Christiansen, Jessie L.

AU - Matson, Rachel A.

AU - Beichman, Charles A.

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Gonzales, Erica J.

AU - Briceño, César

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Evans, Phil

AU - Fukui, Akihiko

AU - Jensen, Eric L.N.

AU - Murgas, Felipe

AU - Narita, Norio

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Parviainen, Hannu

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Acton, Jack S.

AU - Bryant, Edward M.

AU - Chaushev, Alexander

AU - Gill, Sam

AU - Eigmüller, Philipp

AU - Jenkins, Jon

AU - Ricker, George

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

PY - 2021/2/1

Y1 - 2021/2/1

N2 - We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multiplanet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultrashort- period planet. This bright (V = 10.2) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P = 0.44 days, Rp = 1.45 ± 0.11 R⊕), c (TOI-561.01, P = 10.8 days, Rp = 2.90 ± 0.13 R⊕), and d (TOI-561.03, P = 16.3 days, Rp = 2.32 ± 0.16 R⊕). The star is chemically ([Fe/ H] = -0.41 ± 0.05, [a/Fe]=+0.23 ± 0.05) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick-disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest (10 ± 3 Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of 3.2 ± 0.8M⊕ and 5.5+2.0-1.6g cm-3, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is 7.0 ± 2.3M⊕ and 1.6 ± 0.6 g cm-3, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, groundbased photometric follow-up, and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.

AB - We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multiplanet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultrashort- period planet. This bright (V = 10.2) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P = 0.44 days, Rp = 1.45 ± 0.11 R⊕), c (TOI-561.01, P = 10.8 days, Rp = 2.90 ± 0.13 R⊕), and d (TOI-561.03, P = 16.3 days, Rp = 2.32 ± 0.16 R⊕). The star is chemically ([Fe/ H] = -0.41 ± 0.05, [a/Fe]=+0.23 ± 0.05) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick-disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest (10 ± 3 Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of 3.2 ± 0.8M⊕ and 5.5+2.0-1.6g cm-3, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is 7.0 ± 2.3M⊕ and 1.6 ± 0.6 g cm-3, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, groundbased photometric follow-up, and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101606871&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85101606871&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/abd409

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/abd409

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101606871

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 161

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - abd409

ER -

The TESS-Keck survey. II. An ultra-short-period rocky planet and its siblings transiting the galactic thick-disk star TOI-561

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