TY - JOUR
T1 - The nucleation fraction of local volume galaxies
AU - Hoyer, Nils
AU - Neumayer, Nadine
AU - Georgiev, Iskren Y.
AU - Seth, Anil C.
AU - Greene, Jenny E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are a common phenomenon in galaxy centres and are found in a vast majority of galaxies of intermediate stellar mass $\approx 10^9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Recent investigations suggest that they are rarely found in the least and most massive galaxies and that the nucleation fraction increases in dense environments. It is unclear whether this trend holds true for field galaxies due to the limited data currently available. Here we present our results on the nucleation fraction for 601 galaxies in the Local Volume ($\lesssim {12}{\, \mathrm{Mpc}}$). Covering more than eight orders of magnitude in stellar mass, this is the largest sample of galaxies analysed in a low-density environment. Within the Local Volume sample we find a strong dependence of the nucleation fraction on galaxy stellar mass, in agreement with previous work. We also find that for galaxies with $M_{\star } \lt 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, early-type galaxies have a higher nucleation fraction than late-types. The nucleation fraction in the Local Volume correlates independently with stellar mass, Hubble type, and local environmental density. We compare our data to those in galaxy cluster environments (Coma, Fornax, and Virgo) by compiling previous results and calculating stellar masses in a homogeneous way. We find significantly lower nucleation fractions (up to 40 per cent) in galaxies with $M_{\star } \lesssim 10^{9.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, in agreement with previous work. Our results reinforce the connection between globular clusters and NSCs, but it remains unclear if it can explain the observed trends with Hubble type and local environment. We speculate that correlation between the nucleation fraction and cluster environment weakens for the densest clusters like Coma and Virgo.
AB - Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are a common phenomenon in galaxy centres and are found in a vast majority of galaxies of intermediate stellar mass $\approx 10^9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Recent investigations suggest that they are rarely found in the least and most massive galaxies and that the nucleation fraction increases in dense environments. It is unclear whether this trend holds true for field galaxies due to the limited data currently available. Here we present our results on the nucleation fraction for 601 galaxies in the Local Volume ($\lesssim {12}{\, \mathrm{Mpc}}$). Covering more than eight orders of magnitude in stellar mass, this is the largest sample of galaxies analysed in a low-density environment. Within the Local Volume sample we find a strong dependence of the nucleation fraction on galaxy stellar mass, in agreement with previous work. We also find that for galaxies with $M_{\star } \lt 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, early-type galaxies have a higher nucleation fraction than late-types. The nucleation fraction in the Local Volume correlates independently with stellar mass, Hubble type, and local environmental density. We compare our data to those in galaxy cluster environments (Coma, Fornax, and Virgo) by compiling previous results and calculating stellar masses in a homogeneous way. We find significantly lower nucleation fractions (up to 40 per cent) in galaxies with $M_{\star } \lesssim 10^{9.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, in agreement with previous work. Our results reinforce the connection between globular clusters and NSCs, but it remains unclear if it can explain the observed trends with Hubble type and local environment. We speculate that correlation between the nucleation fraction and cluster environment weakens for the densest clusters like Coma and Virgo.
KW - galaxies: clusters: general
KW - galaxies: general
KW - galaxies: groups: general
KW - galaxies: nuclei
KW - galaxies: star clusters: general
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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stab2277
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stab2277
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85117035075
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 507
SP - 3246
EP - 3266
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 3
ER -