@inbook{108413635bfb43bcb873fbde68351d1e,
title = "The magnetospheric trough",
abstract = "We review the history of the concepts of the magnetospheric cold-ion trough and hot-electron trough and conclude that the two regions are actually essentially the same. The magnetospheric trough may be viewed as a temporal state in the evolution of convecting flux tubes. These flux tubes are in contact with the earth{\textquoteright}s upper atmosphere, which acts both as a sink for precipitating hot plasma-sheet electrons and as a source for the cold ionospheric plasma, leading to progressive depletion of the plasma sheet and refilling with cold plasma. Geosynchronous plasma observations show that the rate of loss of plasma-sheet electron energy density is commensurate with the precipitating electron flux at the low-latitude edge of the diffuse aurorae. The rate at which geosynchronous flux tubes fill with cold ionospheric plasma is found to be consistent with previous estimates of early-time refilling. Geosynchronous observations further indicate that both Coulomb collisions and wave-particle effects probably play a role in trapping ionospheric material in the magnetosphere.",
author = "Thomsen, {M. F.} and McComas, {D. J.} and Borovsky, {J. E.} and Elphic, {R. C.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1998 by the American Geophysical Union.",
year = "1998",
doi = "10.1029/GM104p0355",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780875900872",
series = "Geophysical Monograph Series",
publisher = "Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",
pages = "355--369",
editor = "Horwitz, {James L.} and Peterson, {William K.} and Gallagher, {Dennis L.}",
booktitle = "Geospace Mass and Energy Flow",
}