The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector

G. Alimonti; C. Arpesella; M. B. Avanzini; H. Back; M. Balata; D. Bartolomei; A. de Bellefon; G. Bellini; Jay Burton Benziger; A. Bevilacqua; D. Bondi; S. Bonetti; A. Brigatti; B. Caccianiga; L. Cadonati; Frank Calaprice; C. Carraro; G. Cecchet; R. Cereseto; A. Chavarria; M. Chen; A. Chepurnov; A. Cubaiu; W. Czech; D. D'Angelo; F. Dalnoki-Veress; S. Davini; A. De Bari; E. De Haas; A. Derbin; M. Deutsch; A. Di Credico; A. Di Ludovico; G. Di Pietro; R. Eisenstein; F. Elisei; A. Etenko; F. von Feilitzsch; R. Fernholz; K. Fomenko; R. Ford; D. Franco; B. Freudiger; N. Gaertner; Cristiano Galbiati; F. Gatti; S. Gazzana; V. Gehman; M. Giammarchi; D. Giugni; M. Goeger-Neff; T. Goldbrunner; A. Golubchikov; A. Goretti; C. Grieb; E. Guardincerri; C. Hagner; T. Hagner; W. Hampel; E. Harding; S. Hardy; F. X. Hartmann; R. von Hentig; T. Hertrich; G. Heusser; M. Hult; A. Ianni; An Ianni; L. Ioannucci; K. Jaenner; M. Joyce; H. de Kerret; S. Kidner; J. Kiko; T. Kirsten; V. Kobychev; G. Korga; G. Korschinek; Y. Kozlov; D. Kryn; P. La Marche; V. Lagomarsino; M. Laubenstein; C. Lendvai; M. Leung; T. Lewke; E. Litvinovich; B. Loer; F. Loeser; P. Lombardi; L. Ludhova; I. Machulin; S. Malvezzi; A. Manco; J. Maneira; W. Maneschg; I. Manno; D. Manuzio; G. Manuzio; M. Marchelli; A. Marternianov; F. Masetti; U. Mazzucato; K. McCarty; D. McKinsey; Q. Meindl; E. Meroni; L. Miramonti; M. Misiaszek; D. Montanari; M. E. Monzani; V. Muratova; P. Musico; H. Neder; A. Nelson; L. Niedermeier; S. Nisi; L. Oberauer; M. Obolensky; M. Orsini; F. Ortica; M. Pallavicini; L. Papp; R. Parsells; S. Parmeggiano; M. Parodi; N. Pelliccia; L. Perasso; S. Perasso; A. Pocar; R. Raghavan; G. Ranucci; W. Rau; A. Razeto; E. Resconi; P. Risso; A. Romani; D. Rountree; A. Sabelnikov; P. Saggese; R. Saldanha; C. Salvo; R. Scardaoni; D. Schimizzi; S. Schonert; K. H. Schubeck; T. Shutt; F. Siccardi; H. Simgen; M. Skorokhvatov; O. Smirnov; A. Sonnenschein; F. Soricelli; A. Sotnikov; S. Sukhotin; C. Sule; Y. Suvorov; V. Tarasenkov; R. Tartaglia; G. Testera; D. Vignaud; S. Vitale; R. B. Vogelaar; V. Vyrodov; B. Williams; M. Wojcik; R. Wordel; M. Wurm; O. Zaimidoroga; S. Zavatarelli; G. Zuzel

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028

The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector

G. Alimonti, C. Arpesella, M. B. Avanzini, H. Back, M. Balata, D. Bartolomei, A. de Bellefon, G. Bellini, Jay Burton Benziger, A. Bevilacqua, D. Bondi, S. Bonetti, A. Brigatti, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, Frank Calaprice, C. Carraro, G. Cecchet, R. Cereseto, A. ChavarriaM. Chen, A. Chepurnov, A. Cubaiu, W. Czech, D. D'Angelo, F. Dalnoki-Veress, S. Davini, A. De Bari, E. De Haas, A. Derbin, M. Deutsch, A. Di Credico, A. Di Ludovico, G. Di Pietro, R. Eisenstein, F. Elisei, A. Etenko, F. von Feilitzsch, R. Fernholz, K. Fomenko, R. Ford, D. Franco, B. Freudiger, N. Gaertner, Cristiano Galbiati, F. Gatti, S. Gazzana, V. Gehman, M. Giammarchi, D. Giugni, M. Goeger-Neff, T. Goldbrunner, A. Golubchikov, A. Goretti, C. Grieb, E. Guardincerri, C. Hagner, T. Hagner, W. Hampel, E. Harding, S. Hardy, F. X. Hartmann, R. von Hentig, T. Hertrich, G. Heusser, M. Hult, A. Ianni, An Ianni, L. Ioannucci, K. Jaenner, M. Joyce, H. de Kerret, S. Kidner, J. Kiko, T. Kirsten, V. Kobychev, G. Korga, G. Korschinek, Y. Kozlov, D. Kryn, P. La Marche, V. Lagomarsino, M. Laubenstein, C. Lendvai, M. Leung, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, B. Loer, F. Loeser, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, I. Machulin, S. Malvezzi, A. Manco, J. Maneira, W. Maneschg, I. Manno, D. Manuzio, G. Manuzio, M. Marchelli, A. Marternianov, F. Masetti, U. Mazzucato, K. McCarty, D. McKinsey, Q. Meindl, E. Meroni, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, D. Montanari, M. E. Monzani, V. Muratova, P. Musico, H. Neder, A. Nelson, L. Niedermeier, S. Nisi, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, R. Parsells, S. Parmeggiano, M. Parodi, N. Pelliccia, L. Perasso, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, R. Raghavan, G. Ranucci, W. Rau, A. Razeto, E. Resconi, P. Risso, A. Romani, D. Rountree, A. Sabelnikov, P. Saggese, R. Saldanha, C. Salvo, R. Scardaoni, D. Schimizzi, S. Schonert, K. H. Schubeck, T. Shutt, F. Siccardi, H. Simgen, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sonnenschein, F. Soricelli, A. Sotnikov, S. Sukhotin, C. Sule, Y. Suvorov, V. Tarasenkov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, D. Vignaud, S. Vitale, R. B. Vogelaar, V. Vyrodov, B. Williams, M. Wojcik, R. Wordel, M. Wurm, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, G. Zuzel

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

74 Scopus citations

Abstract

The successful deployment of the Borexino solar neutrino detector required assorted physical and chemical operations to produce exceptional pure fluids and fill multiple detector zones. The composition and flow rates of high purity gases and liquids had to be precisely controlled to maintain liquid levels and pressures. The system was required to meet exceptional requirements for cleanliness and leak-tightness. A large scale modular system connecting fluid receiving, purification and fluid delivery processes was developed for Borexino. At the core is a flow control system that delivers scintillator components to plants for purification, and then fills the Borexino detector volumes with ultrahigh purity buffer or ultrahigh purity scintillator. The liquid handling system maintains precise control over the liquid levels and differential pressures between the different volumes of the detectors that are separated by flexible nylon vessels. The preparation, commissioning and operation of the system for filling the Borexino detector with scintillator is described.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	58-78
Number of pages	21
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	609
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028
State	Published - Oct 1 2009

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

Keywords

Liquid scintillator
Low background detectors
Radiopurity
Solar neutrino

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10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028

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Alimonti, G., Arpesella, C., Avanzini, M. B., Back, H., Balata, M., Bartolomei, D., de Bellefon, A., Bellini, G., Benziger, J. B., Bevilacqua, A., Bondi, D., Bonetti, S., Brigatti, A., Caccianiga, B., Cadonati, L., Calaprice, F., Carraro, C., Cecchet, G., Cereseto, R., ... Zuzel, G. (2009). The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 609(1), 58-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028

@article{5fa7130d38b645fbbf1a7c54a16070a9,

title = "The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector",

abstract = "The successful deployment of the Borexino solar neutrino detector required assorted physical and chemical operations to produce exceptional pure fluids and fill multiple detector zones. The composition and flow rates of high purity gases and liquids had to be precisely controlled to maintain liquid levels and pressures. The system was required to meet exceptional requirements for cleanliness and leak-tightness. A large scale modular system connecting fluid receiving, purification and fluid delivery processes was developed for Borexino. At the core is a flow control system that delivers scintillator components to plants for purification, and then fills the Borexino detector volumes with ultrahigh purity buffer or ultrahigh purity scintillator. The liquid handling system maintains precise control over the liquid levels and differential pressures between the different volumes of the detectors that are separated by flexible nylon vessels. The preparation, commissioning and operation of the system for filling the Borexino detector with scintillator is described.",

keywords = "Liquid scintillator, Low background detectors, Radiopurity, Solar neutrino",

author = "G. Alimonti and C. Arpesella and Avanzini, {M. B.} and H. Back and M. Balata and D. Bartolomei and {de Bellefon}, A. and G. Bellini and Benziger, {Jay Burton} and A. Bevilacqua and D. Bondi and S. Bonetti and A. Brigatti and B. Caccianiga and L. Cadonati and Frank Calaprice and C. Carraro and G. Cecchet and R. Cereseto and A. Chavarria and M. Chen and A. Chepurnov and A. Cubaiu and W. Czech and D. D'Angelo and F. Dalnoki-Veress and S. Davini and {De Bari}, A. and {De Haas}, E. and A. Derbin and M. Deutsch and {Di Credico}, A. and {Di Ludovico}, A. and {Di Pietro}, G. and R. Eisenstein and F. Elisei and A. Etenko and {von Feilitzsch}, F. and R. Fernholz and K. Fomenko and R. Ford and D. Franco and B. Freudiger and N. Gaertner and Cristiano Galbiati and F. Gatti and S. Gazzana and V. Gehman and M. Giammarchi and D. Giugni and M. Goeger-Neff and T. Goldbrunner and A. Golubchikov and A. Goretti and C. Grieb and E. Guardincerri and C. Hagner and T. Hagner and W. Hampel and E. Harding and S. Hardy and Hartmann, {F. X.} and {von Hentig}, R. and T. Hertrich and G. Heusser and M. Hult and A. Ianni and An Ianni and L. Ioannucci and K. Jaenner and M. Joyce and {de Kerret}, H. and S. Kidner and J. Kiko and T. Kirsten and V. Kobychev and G. Korga and G. Korschinek and Y. Kozlov and D. Kryn and {La Marche}, P. and V. Lagomarsino and M. Laubenstein and C. Lendvai and M. Leung and T. Lewke and E. Litvinovich and B. Loer and F. Loeser and P. Lombardi and L. Ludhova and I. Machulin and S. Malvezzi and A. Manco and J. Maneira and W. Maneschg and I. Manno and D. Manuzio and G. Manuzio and M. Marchelli and A. Marternianov and F. Masetti and U. Mazzucato and K. McCarty and D. McKinsey and Q. Meindl and E. Meroni and L. Miramonti and M. Misiaszek and D. Montanari and Monzani, {M. E.} and V. Muratova and P. Musico and H. Neder and A. Nelson and L. Niedermeier and S. Nisi and L. Oberauer and M. Obolensky and M. Orsini and F. Ortica and M. Pallavicini and L. Papp and R. Parsells and S. Parmeggiano and M. Parodi and N. Pelliccia and L. Perasso and S. Perasso and A. Pocar and R. Raghavan and G. Ranucci and W. Rau and A. Razeto and E. Resconi and P. Risso and A. Romani and D. Rountree and A. Sabelnikov and P. Saggese and R. Saldanha and C. Salvo and R. Scardaoni and D. Schimizzi and S. Schonert and Schubeck, {K. H.} and T. Shutt and F. Siccardi and H. Simgen and M. Skorokhvatov and O. Smirnov and A. Sonnenschein and F. Soricelli and A. Sotnikov and S. Sukhotin and C. Sule and Y. Suvorov and V. Tarasenkov and R. Tartaglia and G. Testera and D. Vignaud and S. Vitale and Vogelaar, {R. B.} and V. Vyrodov and B. Williams and M. Wojcik and R. Wordel and M. Wurm and O. Zaimidoroga and S. Zavatarelli and G. Zuzel",

note = "Funding Information: We sincerely thank the funding agencies: INFN (Italy), NSF (USA), BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany), Rosnauka (Russia) and we acknowledge the generous support of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso.",

year = "2009",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "609",

pages = "58--78",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "1",

}

Alimonti, G, Arpesella, C, Avanzini, MB, Back, H, Balata, M, Bartolomei, D, de Bellefon, A, Bellini, G, Benziger, JB, Bevilacqua, A, Bondi, D, Bonetti, S, Brigatti, A, Caccianiga, B, Cadonati, L, Calaprice, F, Carraro, C, Cecchet, G, Cereseto, R, Chavarria, A, Chen, M, Chepurnov, A, Cubaiu, A, Czech, W, D'Angelo, D, Dalnoki-Veress, F, Davini, S, De Bari, A, De Haas, E, Derbin, A, Deutsch, M, Di Credico, A, Di Ludovico, A, Di Pietro, G, Eisenstein, R, Elisei, F, Etenko, A, von Feilitzsch, F, Fernholz, R, Fomenko, K, Ford, R, Franco, D, Freudiger, B, Gaertner, N, Galbiati, C, Gatti, F, Gazzana, S, Gehman, V, Giammarchi, M, Giugni, D, Goeger-Neff, M, Goldbrunner, T, Golubchikov, A, Goretti, A, Grieb, C, Guardincerri, E, Hagner, C, Hagner, T, Hampel, W, Harding, E, Hardy, S, Hartmann, FX, von Hentig, R, Hertrich, T, Heusser, G, Hult, M, Ianni, A, Ianni, A, Ioannucci, L, Jaenner, K, Joyce, M, de Kerret, H, Kidner, S, Kiko, J, Kirsten, T, Kobychev, V, Korga, G, Korschinek, G, Kozlov, Y, Kryn, D, La Marche, P, Lagomarsino, V, Laubenstein, M, Lendvai, C, Leung, M, Lewke, T, Litvinovich, E, Loer, B, Loeser, F, Lombardi, P, Ludhova, L, Machulin, I, Malvezzi, S, Manco, A, Maneira, J, Maneschg, W, Manno, I, Manuzio, D, Manuzio, G, Marchelli, M, Marternianov, A, Masetti, F, Mazzucato, U, McCarty, K, McKinsey, D, Meindl, Q, Meroni, E, Miramonti, L, Misiaszek, M, Montanari, D, Monzani, ME, Muratova, V, Musico, P, Neder, H, Nelson, A, Niedermeier, L, Nisi, S, Oberauer, L, Obolensky, M, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pallavicini, M, Papp, L, Parsells, R, Parmeggiano, S, Parodi, M, Pelliccia, N, Perasso, L, Perasso, S, Pocar, A, Raghavan, R, Ranucci, G, Rau, W, Razeto, A, Resconi, E, Risso, P, Romani, A, Rountree, D, Sabelnikov, A, Saggese, P, Saldanha, R, Salvo, C, Scardaoni, R, Schimizzi, D, Schonert, S, Schubeck, KH, Shutt, T, Siccardi, F, Simgen, H, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sonnenschein, A, Soricelli, F, Sotnikov, A, Sukhotin, S, Sule, C, Suvorov, Y, Tarasenkov, V, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Vignaud, D, Vitale, S, Vogelaar, RB, Vyrodov, V, Williams, B, Wojcik, M, Wordel, R, Wurm, M, Zaimidoroga, O, Zavatarelli, S & Zuzel, G 2009, 'The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 609, no. 1, pp. 58-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028

TY - JOUR

T1 - The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector

AU - Alimonti, G.

AU - Arpesella, C.

AU - Avanzini, M. B.

AU - Back, H.

AU - Balata, M.

AU - Bartolomei, D.

AU - de Bellefon, A.

AU - Bellini, G.

AU - Benziger, Jay Burton

AU - Bevilacqua, A.

AU - Bondi, D.

AU - Bonetti, S.

AU - Brigatti, A.

AU - Caccianiga, B.

AU - Cadonati, L.

AU - Calaprice, Frank

AU - Carraro, C.

AU - Cecchet, G.

AU - Cereseto, R.

AU - Chavarria, A.

AU - Chen, M.

AU - Chepurnov, A.

AU - Cubaiu, A.

AU - Czech, W.

AU - D'Angelo, D.

AU - Dalnoki-Veress, F.

AU - Davini, S.

AU - De Bari, A.

AU - De Haas, E.

AU - Derbin, A.

AU - Deutsch, M.

AU - Di Credico, A.

AU - Di Ludovico, A.

AU - Di Pietro, G.

AU - Eisenstein, R.

AU - Elisei, F.

AU - Etenko, A.

AU - von Feilitzsch, F.

AU - Fernholz, R.

AU - Fomenko, K.

AU - Ford, R.

AU - Franco, D.

AU - Freudiger, B.

AU - Gaertner, N.

AU - Galbiati, Cristiano

AU - Gatti, F.

AU - Gazzana, S.

AU - Gehman, V.

AU - Giammarchi, M.

AU - Giugni, D.

AU - Goeger-Neff, M.

AU - Goldbrunner, T.

AU - Golubchikov, A.

AU - Goretti, A.

AU - Grieb, C.

AU - Guardincerri, E.

AU - Hagner, C.

AU - Hagner, T.

AU - Hampel, W.

AU - Harding, E.

AU - Hardy, S.

AU - Hartmann, F. X.

AU - von Hentig, R.

AU - Hertrich, T.

AU - Heusser, G.

AU - Hult, M.

AU - Ianni, A.

AU - Ianni, An

AU - Ioannucci, L.

AU - Jaenner, K.

AU - Joyce, M.

AU - de Kerret, H.

AU - Kidner, S.

AU - Kiko, J.

AU - Kirsten, T.

AU - Kobychev, V.

AU - Korga, G.

AU - Korschinek, G.

AU - Kozlov, Y.

AU - Kryn, D.

AU - La Marche, P.

AU - Lagomarsino, V.

AU - Laubenstein, M.

AU - Lendvai, C.

AU - Leung, M.

AU - Lewke, T.

AU - Litvinovich, E.

AU - Loer, B.

AU - Loeser, F.

AU - Lombardi, P.

AU - Ludhova, L.

AU - Machulin, I.

AU - Malvezzi, S.

AU - Manco, A.

AU - Maneira, J.

AU - Maneschg, W.

AU - Manno, I.

AU - Manuzio, D.

AU - Manuzio, G.

AU - Marchelli, M.

AU - Marternianov, A.

AU - Masetti, F.

AU - Mazzucato, U.

AU - McCarty, K.

AU - McKinsey, D.

AU - Meindl, Q.

AU - Meroni, E.

AU - Miramonti, L.

AU - Misiaszek, M.

AU - Montanari, D.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Muratova, V.

AU - Musico, P.

AU - Neder, H.

AU - Nelson, A.

AU - Niedermeier, L.

AU - Nisi, S.

AU - Oberauer, L.

AU - Obolensky, M.

AU - Orsini, M.

AU - Ortica, F.

AU - Pallavicini, M.

AU - Papp, L.

AU - Parsells, R.

AU - Parmeggiano, S.

AU - Parodi, M.

AU - Pelliccia, N.

AU - Perasso, L.

AU - Perasso, S.

AU - Pocar, A.

AU - Raghavan, R.

AU - Ranucci, G.

AU - Rau, W.

AU - Razeto, A.

AU - Resconi, E.

AU - Risso, P.

AU - Romani, A.

AU - Rountree, D.

AU - Sabelnikov, A.

AU - Saggese, P.

AU - Saldanha, R.

AU - Salvo, C.

AU - Scardaoni, R.

AU - Schimizzi, D.

AU - Schonert, S.

AU - Schubeck, K. H.

AU - Shutt, T.

AU - Siccardi, F.

AU - Simgen, H.

AU - Skorokhvatov, M.

AU - Smirnov, O.

AU - Sonnenschein, A.

AU - Soricelli, F.

AU - Sotnikov, A.

AU - Sukhotin, S.

AU - Sule, C.

AU - Suvorov, Y.

AU - Tarasenkov, V.

AU - Tartaglia, R.

AU - Testera, G.

AU - Vignaud, D.

AU - Vitale, S.

AU - Vogelaar, R. B.

AU - Vyrodov, V.

AU - Williams, B.

AU - Wojcik, M.

AU - Wordel, R.

AU - Wurm, M.

AU - Zaimidoroga, O.

AU - Zavatarelli, S.

AU - Zuzel, G.

N1 - Funding Information: We sincerely thank the funding agencies: INFN (Italy), NSF (USA), BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany), Rosnauka (Russia) and we acknowledge the generous support of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso.

PY - 2009/10/1

Y1 - 2009/10/1

N2 - The successful deployment of the Borexino solar neutrino detector required assorted physical and chemical operations to produce exceptional pure fluids and fill multiple detector zones. The composition and flow rates of high purity gases and liquids had to be precisely controlled to maintain liquid levels and pressures. The system was required to meet exceptional requirements for cleanliness and leak-tightness. A large scale modular system connecting fluid receiving, purification and fluid delivery processes was developed for Borexino. At the core is a flow control system that delivers scintillator components to plants for purification, and then fills the Borexino detector volumes with ultrahigh purity buffer or ultrahigh purity scintillator. The liquid handling system maintains precise control over the liquid levels and differential pressures between the different volumes of the detectors that are separated by flexible nylon vessels. The preparation, commissioning and operation of the system for filling the Borexino detector with scintillator is described.

AB - The successful deployment of the Borexino solar neutrino detector required assorted physical and chemical operations to produce exceptional pure fluids and fill multiple detector zones. The composition and flow rates of high purity gases and liquids had to be precisely controlled to maintain liquid levels and pressures. The system was required to meet exceptional requirements for cleanliness and leak-tightness. A large scale modular system connecting fluid receiving, purification and fluid delivery processes was developed for Borexino. At the core is a flow control system that delivers scintillator components to plants for purification, and then fills the Borexino detector volumes with ultrahigh purity buffer or ultrahigh purity scintillator. The liquid handling system maintains precise control over the liquid levels and differential pressures between the different volumes of the detectors that are separated by flexible nylon vessels. The preparation, commissioning and operation of the system for filling the Borexino detector with scintillator is described.

KW - Liquid scintillator

KW - Low background detectors

KW - Radiopurity

KW - Solar neutrino

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70349158067&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70349158067&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.028

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:70349158067

SN - 0168-9002

VL - 609

SP - 58

EP - 78

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

IS - 1

ER -

The liquid handling systems for the Borexino solar neutrino detector

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