The influence of wavelength-dependent absorption and temperature gradients on temperature determination in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells

In situ temperature measurements in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells (LHDACs) are among the most fundamental experiments undertaken in high-pressure science. Despite its importance, few efforts have been made to examine the alteration of thermal radiation spectra of hot samples by wavelength-dependent absorption of the sample itself and temperature gradients within the sample and their influence on temperature measurements while laser heating. In this study, we take (Mg, Fe)O ferropericlase as an example to evaluate the effects of these two factors. Iron-rich ferropericlase shows strong wavelength-dependent absorption in the wavelength range used to determine temperature, which, together with temperature gradients can account for largely aliased apparent temperatures in some experiments obtained by Wien fitting of detected thermal radiation intensities (e.g., an offset of ∼700 K for a 3300 K melting temperature). In general, wavelength-dependent absorption and temperature gradients of samples are two key factors to consider in order to rigorously constrain temperatures, which have been largely ignored in previous LHDAC studies.