TY - JOUR
T1 - The Hydrometeorology of Extreme Floods in the Lower Mississippi River
AU - Su, Yibing
AU - Smith, James A.
AU - Villarini, Gabriele
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. This research was supported by the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Modeling the Earth System (CIMES) and the National Science Foundation (NSF; Grants EAR-1632048 and CBET-1444758).
Funding Information:
Data availability statement. The authors acknowledge the NOAA/OAR/ESRL Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, for making the North American Regional Reanalysis product freely available at https://psl.noaa.gov/. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 3 dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office, and by the NOAA/Physical Sciences Laboratory. U.S. Geological Survey stream gauging data are obtained from the National Water Information System. Stage-IV rainfall fields are available from NCEP (Du 2011).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Meteorological Society.
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - The Lower Mississippi River has experienced a cluster of extreme floods during the past two decades. The Bonnet Carré spillway, which is located on the Mississippi River immediately upstream of New Orleans, has been operated 15 times since its completion in 1931, with 7 occurrences after 2008. In this study, we examine rainfall and atmospheric water balance components associated with Lower Mississippi River flooding in 2008, 2011, and 2015–19. We focus on multiple time scales-1, 3, 7, and 14 days-reflecting contributions from individual storm systems and the aggregate contributions from a sequence of storm systems. Atmospheric water balance variables-integrated water vapor flux (IVT) and precipitable water-are central to our assessment of the storm environment for Lower Mississippi flood events. We find anomalously large IVT corridors accompany the critical periods of heavy rainfall and are organized in southwest–northeast orientation over the Mississippi domain. Atmospheric rivers play an important role as agents of extremes in water vapor flux and rainfall. We conduct climatological analyses of IVT and precipitable water extremes across the four time scales using 40 years of North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) fields from 1979 to 2018. We find significant increasing trends in both variables at all time scales. Increases in IVT especially cover large regions of the Mississippi domain. The findings point to increased vulnerability faced by the Mississippi flood control system in the current and future climate.
AB - The Lower Mississippi River has experienced a cluster of extreme floods during the past two decades. The Bonnet Carré spillway, which is located on the Mississippi River immediately upstream of New Orleans, has been operated 15 times since its completion in 1931, with 7 occurrences after 2008. In this study, we examine rainfall and atmospheric water balance components associated with Lower Mississippi River flooding in 2008, 2011, and 2015–19. We focus on multiple time scales-1, 3, 7, and 14 days-reflecting contributions from individual storm systems and the aggregate contributions from a sequence of storm systems. Atmospheric water balance variables-integrated water vapor flux (IVT) and precipitable water-are central to our assessment of the storm environment for Lower Mississippi flood events. We find anomalously large IVT corridors accompany the critical periods of heavy rainfall and are organized in southwest–northeast orientation over the Mississippi domain. Atmospheric rivers play an important role as agents of extremes in water vapor flux and rainfall. We conduct climatological analyses of IVT and precipitable water extremes across the four time scales using 40 years of North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) fields from 1979 to 2018. We find significant increasing trends in both variables at all time scales. Increases in IVT especially cover large regions of the Mississippi domain. The findings point to increased vulnerability faced by the Mississippi flood control system in the current and future climate.
KW - Hydrometeorology
KW - Mesoscale processes
KW - Water budget/balance
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U2 - 10.1175/JHM-D-22-0024.1
DO - 10.1175/JHM-D-22-0024.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147824231
SN - 1525-755X
VL - 24
SP - 203
EP - 219
JO - Journal of Hydrometeorology
JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology
IS - 2
ER -