@article{6f48a28ace36490298bb757d08c9b1cd,
title = "The Discovery of a Planetary Companion Interior to Hot Jupiter WASP-132 b",
abstract = "Hot Jupiters are generally observed to lack close planetary companions, a trend that has been interpreted as evidence for high-eccentricity migration. We present the discovery and validation of WASP-132 c (TOI-822.02), a 1.85 ± 0.10 R ⊕ planet on a 1.01 day orbit interior to the hot Jupiter WASP-132 b. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and ground-based follow-up observations, in conjunction with vetting and validation analysis, enable us to rule out common astrophysical false positives and validate the observed transit signal produced by WASP-132 c as a planet. Running the validation tools vespa and TRICERATOPS on this signal yields false-positive probabilities of 9.02 × 10-5 and 0.0107, respectively. Analysis of archival CORALIE radial velocity data leads to a 3σ upper limit of 28.23 ms-1 on the amplitude of any 1.01 day signal, corresponding to a 3σ upper mass limit of 37.35 M ⊕. Dynamical simulations reveal that the system is stable within the 3σ uncertainties on the planetary and orbital parameters for timescales of ∼100 Myr. The existence of a planetary companion near the hot Jupiter WASP-132 b makes the giant planet's formation and evolution via high-eccentricity migration highly unlikely. Being one of just a handful of nearby planetary companions to hot Jupiters, WASP-132 c carries with it significant implications for the formation of the system and hot Jupiters as a population.",
author = "Hord, {Benjamin J.} and Col{\'o}n, {Knicole D.} and Berger, {Travis A.} and Veselin Kostov and Silverstein, {Michele L.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Ramotholo Sefako and Carl Ziegler and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Nicholas Law and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Ricker, {George R.} and Latham, {David W.} and S. Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Bouma, {Luke G.} and Ben Falk and Guillermo Torres and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Andrew Vanderburg",
note = "Funding Information: This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) and produced by the Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) at NASA Ames Research Center. This research effort made use of systematic error-corrected (PDC-SAP) photometry. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA{\textquoteright}s Science Mission directorate. Funding Information: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Funding Information: This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac6f57",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "164",
journal = "Astronomical Journal",
issn = "0004-6256",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "1",
}