TY - JOUR
T1 - The direct and ocean-mediated influence of Asian orography on tropical precipitation and cyclones
AU - Baldwin, Jane Wilson
AU - Vecchi, Gabriel Andres
AU - Bordoni, Simona
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements JWB and GAV were funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office, and JWB was also funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE 1148900). Hiroyuki Murakami, Tom Delworth, Isaac Held, Chris Milly, Bill Boos, and Kerry Emanuel provided useful feedback at various stages of the project, and Seth Underwood, William Cooke, and Sergey Malyshev provided critical technical support. Two anonymous reviewers also provided thoughtful feedback which greatly improved this work. The AM2.1 simulation data was supplied by Ho-Hsuan Wei. The calculation of tropical cyclone genesis potential was significantly aided by scripts provided by Hiroyuki Murakami, for which the fortran subroutine made available online by Kerry Emanuel was used (see https ://emanuel.mit.edu/products). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the participating climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.
Funding Information:
JWB and GAV were funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office, and JWB was also funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE 1148900). Hiroyuki Murakami, Tom Delworth, Isaac Held, Chris Milly, Bill Boos, and Kerry Emanuel provided useful feedback at various stages of the project, and Seth Underwood, William Cooke, and Sergey Malyshev provided critical technical support. Two anonymous reviewers also provided thoughtful feedback which greatly improved this work. The AM2.1 simulation data was supplied by Ho-Hsuan Wei. The calculation of tropical cyclone genesis potential was significantly aided by scripts provided by Hiroyuki Murakami, for which the fortran subroutine made available online by Kerry Emanuel was used (see https://emanuel.mit.edu/products). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the participating climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Prior global climate model (GCM) experiments have shown that the Tibetan Plateau and related orography play a significant role in enhancing the Indian Monsoon, particularly during its onset, and the East Asian monsoon. However, these experiments have been largely performed with atmosphere-only, lower-resolution GCMs that neglect the influence of atmosphere–ocean coupling, and do not resolve tropical cyclones (TCs). Here we explore the influence of Asian orography on tropical circulations in a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM at two different atmosphere/land resolutions (∼ 50 and 200 km), and with or without atmosphere–ocean coupling. Atmosphere–ocean coupling is found to play a significant role in the precipitation response due to the Asian orography, enhancing the precipitation increase over the Western North Pacific (hereafter WNP), and drying the Arabian Sea. In these same regions, the higher resolution model, which resolves TCs up to category 3, suggests that Asian orography has a significant influence on TCs, increasing TC frequency in the WNP, and decreasing it in the Arabian Sea. However, in contrast to precipitation, this TC response does not appear to be strongly affected by the atmosphere–ocean coupling. Connections between the direct atmospheric circulation response to Asian orography, ocean circulation changes, and these various effects on precipitation and tropical cyclones are analyzed and discussed.
AB - Prior global climate model (GCM) experiments have shown that the Tibetan Plateau and related orography play a significant role in enhancing the Indian Monsoon, particularly during its onset, and the East Asian monsoon. However, these experiments have been largely performed with atmosphere-only, lower-resolution GCMs that neglect the influence of atmosphere–ocean coupling, and do not resolve tropical cyclones (TCs). Here we explore the influence of Asian orography on tropical circulations in a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM at two different atmosphere/land resolutions (∼ 50 and 200 km), and with or without atmosphere–ocean coupling. Atmosphere–ocean coupling is found to play a significant role in the precipitation response due to the Asian orography, enhancing the precipitation increase over the Western North Pacific (hereafter WNP), and drying the Arabian Sea. In these same regions, the higher resolution model, which resolves TCs up to category 3, suggests that Asian orography has a significant influence on TCs, increasing TC frequency in the WNP, and decreasing it in the Arabian Sea. However, in contrast to precipitation, this TC response does not appear to be strongly affected by the atmosphere–ocean coupling. Connections between the direct atmospheric circulation response to Asian orography, ocean circulation changes, and these various effects on precipitation and tropical cyclones are analyzed and discussed.
KW - Asia
KW - Atmosphere–ocean coupling
KW - Monsoon
KW - Orography
KW - Tropical cyclone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061041134&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85061041134&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00382-019-04615-5
DO - 10.1007/s00382-019-04615-5
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85061041134
SN - 0930-7575
VL - 53
SP - 805
EP - 824
JO - Climate Dynamics
JF - Climate Dynamics
IS - 1-2
ER -