TY - JOUR
T1 - The conserved WW-domain binding sites in Dystroglycan C-terminus are essential but partially redundant for Dystroglycan function
AU - Yatsenko, As
AU - Kucherenko, Mm
AU - Pantoja, M.
AU - Fischer, Ka
AU - Madeoy, J.
AU - Deng, W. M.
AU - Schneider, M.
AU - Baumgartner, S.
AU - Akey, J.
AU - Shcherbata, Hr
AU - Ruohola-Baker, H.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank members of the Ruohola-Baker lab for useful discussions and Dr. R. Ray for fly lines. This work was supported by an AHA fellowship for H.R.S., CRDF for A.S.Y., K.M.M., H.R.S. and H.R-B. and by the grants from the National Institute of Health and Muscular Dystrophy Association for H.R-B.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Background. Dystroglycan (Dg) is a transmembrane protein that is a part of the Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) which connects the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. The C-terminal end of Dg contains a number of putative SH3, SH2 and WW domain binding sites. The most C-terminal PPXY motif has been established as a binding site for Dystrophin (Dys) WW-domain. However, our previous studies indicate that both Dystroglycan PPXY motives, WWbsI and WWbsII can bind Dystrophin protein in vitro. Results. We now find that both WW binding sites are important for maintaining full Dg function in the establishment of oocyte polarity in Drosophila. If either WW binding site is mutated, the Dg protein can still be active. However, simultaneous mutations in both WW binding sites abolish the Dg activities in both overexpression and loss-of-function oocyte polarity assays in vivo. Additionally, sequence comparisons of WW binding sites in 12 species of Drosophila, as well as in humans, reveal a high level of conservation. This preservation throughout evolution supports the idea that both WW binding sites are functionally required. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results we propose that the presence of the two WW binding sites in Dystroglycan secures the essential interaction between Dg and Dys and might further provide additional regulation for the cytoskeletal interactions of this complex.
AB - Background. Dystroglycan (Dg) is a transmembrane protein that is a part of the Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) which connects the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. The C-terminal end of Dg contains a number of putative SH3, SH2 and WW domain binding sites. The most C-terminal PPXY motif has been established as a binding site for Dystrophin (Dys) WW-domain. However, our previous studies indicate that both Dystroglycan PPXY motives, WWbsI and WWbsII can bind Dystrophin protein in vitro. Results. We now find that both WW binding sites are important for maintaining full Dg function in the establishment of oocyte polarity in Drosophila. If either WW binding site is mutated, the Dg protein can still be active. However, simultaneous mutations in both WW binding sites abolish the Dg activities in both overexpression and loss-of-function oocyte polarity assays in vivo. Additionally, sequence comparisons of WW binding sites in 12 species of Drosophila, as well as in humans, reveal a high level of conservation. This preservation throughout evolution supports the idea that both WW binding sites are functionally required. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results we propose that the presence of the two WW binding sites in Dystroglycan secures the essential interaction between Dg and Dys and might further provide additional regulation for the cytoskeletal interactions of this complex.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=63149088196&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=63149088196&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/1471-213X-9-18
DO - 10.1186/1471-213X-9-18
M3 - Article
C2 - 19250553
AN - SCOPUS:63149088196
SN - 1471-213X
VL - 9
JO - BMC Developmental Biology
JF - BMC Developmental Biology
IS - 1
M1 - 18
ER -