TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

Lizhou Sha; Andrew M. Vanderburg; Chelsea X. Huang; David J. Armstrong; Rafael Brahm; Steven Giacalone; Mackenna L. Wood; Karen A. Collins; Louise D. Nielsen; Melissa J. Hobson; Carl Ziegler; Steve B. Howell; Pascal Torres-Miranda; Andrew W. Mann; George Zhou; Elisa Delgado-Mena; Felipe I. Rojas; Lyu Abe; Trifon Trifonov; Vardan Adibekyan; Srgio G. Sousa; Sergio B. Fajardo-Acosta; Tristan Guillot; Saburo Howard; Colin Littlefield; Faith Hawthorn; François Xavier Schmider; Jan Eberhardt; Thiam Guan Tan; Ares Osborn; Richard P. Schwarz; Paul Strøm; Andrs Jordán; Gavin Wang; Thomas Henning; Bob Massey; Nicholas Law; Chris Stockdale; Elise Furlan; Gregor Srdoc; Peter J. Wheatley; David Barrado Navascus; Jack J. Lissauer; Keivan G. Stassun; George R. Ricker; Roland K. Vanderspek; David W. Latham; Joshua N. Winn; Sara Seager; Jon M. Jenkins; Thomas Barclay; Luke G. Bouma; Jessie L. Christiansen; Natalia Guerrero; Mark E. Rose

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1666

TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

Lizhou Sha, Andrew M. Vanderburg, Chelsea X. Huang, David J. Armstrong, Rafael Brahm, Steven Giacalone, Mackenna L. Wood, Karen A. Collins, Louise D. Nielsen, Melissa J. Hobson, Carl Ziegler, Steve B. Howell, Pascal Torres-Miranda, Andrew W. Mann, George Zhou, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Felipe I. Rojas, Lyu Abe, Trifon Trifonov, Vardan AdibekyanSrgio G. Sousa, Sergio B. Fajardo-Acosta, Tristan Guillot, Saburo Howard, Colin Littlefield, Faith Hawthorn, François Xavier Schmider, Jan Eberhardt, Thiam Guan Tan, Ares Osborn, Richard P. Schwarz, Paul Strøm, Andrs Jordán, Gavin Wang, Thomas Henning, Bob Massey, Nicholas Law, Chris Stockdale, Elise Furlan, Gregor Srdoc, Peter J. Wheatley, David Barrado Navascus, Jack J. Lissauer, Keivan G. Stassun, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Joshua N. Winn, Sara Seager, Jon M. Jenkins, Thomas Barclay, Luke G. Bouma, Jessie L. Christiansen, Natalia Guerrero, Mark E. Rose

Astrophysical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hot jupiters (P < 10 d, M > 60 M?) are almost always found alone around their stars, but four out of hundreds known have inner companion planets. These rare companions allow us to constrain the hot jupiter's formation history by ruling out high-eccentricity tidal migration. Less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. We report here the discovery of the TOI-2000 system, which features a hot Saturn-mass planet with a smaller inner companion. The mini-neptune TOI-2000 b (2.70 ± 0.15 R?, 11.0 ± 2.4 M?) is in a 3.10-d orbit, and the hot saturn TOI-2000 c (R?, M?) is in a 9.13-d orbit. Both planets transit their host star TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886, V = 10.98, TESS magnitude = 10.36), a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.439) G dwarf 173 pc away. TESS observed the two planets in sectors 9-11 and 36-38, and we followed up with ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and speckle imaging. Radial velocities from CHIRON, FEROS, and HARPS allowed us to confirm both planets by direct mass measurement. In addition, we demonstrate constraining planetary and stellar parameters with MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo under the PyMC framework, achieving higher sampling efficiency and shorter run time compared to traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo. Having the brightest host star in the V band among similar systems, TOI-2000 b and c are superb candidates for atmospheric characterization by the JWST, which can potentially distinguish whether they formed together or TOI-2000 c swept along material during migration to form TOI-2000 b.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1113-1138
Number of pages	26
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	524
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1666
State	Published - Sep 1 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

planets and satellites: detection
planets and satellites: formation
planets and satellites: gaseous planets
stars: individual: TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886)
techniques: photometric
techniques: radial velocities

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10.1093/mnras/stad1666

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Sha, L., Vanderburg, A. M., Huang, C. X., Armstrong, D. J., Brahm, R., Giacalone, S., Wood, M. L., Collins, K. A., Nielsen, L. D., Hobson, M. J., Ziegler, C., Howell, S. B., Torres-Miranda, P., Mann, A. W., Zhou, G., Delgado-Mena, E., Rojas, F. I., Abe, L., Trifonov, T., ... Rose, M. E. (2023). TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524(1), 1113-1138. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1666

@article{ea2aa24dae5a483c9b87793ccfe5c092,

title = "TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system",

abstract = "Hot jupiters (P < 10 d, M > 60 M?) are almost always found alone around their stars, but four out of hundreds known have inner companion planets. These rare companions allow us to constrain the hot jupiter's formation history by ruling out high-eccentricity tidal migration. Less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. We report here the discovery of the TOI-2000 system, which features a hot Saturn-mass planet with a smaller inner companion. The mini-neptune TOI-2000 b (2.70 ± 0.15 R?, 11.0 ± 2.4 M?) is in a 3.10-d orbit, and the hot saturn TOI-2000 c (R?, M?) is in a 9.13-d orbit. Both planets transit their host star TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886, V = 10.98, TESS magnitude = 10.36), a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.439) G dwarf 173 pc away. TESS observed the two planets in sectors 9-11 and 36-38, and we followed up with ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and speckle imaging. Radial velocities from CHIRON, FEROS, and HARPS allowed us to confirm both planets by direct mass measurement. In addition, we demonstrate constraining planetary and stellar parameters with MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo under the PyMC framework, achieving higher sampling efficiency and shorter run time compared to traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo. Having the brightest host star in the V band among similar systems, TOI-2000 b and c are superb candidates for atmospheric characterization by the JWST, which can potentially distinguish whether they formed together or TOI-2000 c swept along material during migration to form TOI-2000 b.",

keywords = "planets and satellites: detection, planets and satellites: formation, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, stars: individual: TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886), techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities",

author = "Lizhou Sha and Vanderburg, {Andrew M.} and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Armstrong, {David J.} and Rafael Brahm and Steven Giacalone and Wood, {Mackenna L.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Nielsen, {Louise D.} and Hobson, {Melissa J.} and Carl Ziegler and Howell, {Steve B.} and Pascal Torres-Miranda and Mann, {Andrew W.} and George Zhou and Elisa Delgado-Mena and Rojas, {Felipe I.} and Lyu Abe and Trifon Trifonov and Vardan Adibekyan and Sousa, {Srgio G.} and Fajardo-Acosta, {Sergio B.} and Tristan Guillot and Saburo Howard and Colin Littlefield and Faith Hawthorn and Schmider, {Fran{\c c}ois Xavier} and Jan Eberhardt and Tan, {Thiam Guan} and Ares Osborn and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Paul Str{\o}m and Andrs Jord{\'a}n and Gavin Wang and Thomas Henning and Bob Massey and Nicholas Law and Chris Stockdale and Elise Furlan and Gregor Srdoc and Wheatley, {Peter J.} and {Barrado Navascus}, David and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Ricker, {George R.} and Vanderspek, {Roland K.} and Latham, {David W.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Sara Seager and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Thomas Barclay and Bouma, {Luke G.} and Christiansen, {Jessie L.} and Natalia Guerrero and Rose, {Mark E.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad1666",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "524",

pages = "1113--1138",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

Sha, L, Vanderburg, AM, Huang, CX, Armstrong, DJ, Brahm, R, Giacalone, S, Wood, ML, Collins, KA, Nielsen, LD, Hobson, MJ, Ziegler, C, Howell, SB, Torres-Miranda, P, Mann, AW, Zhou, G, Delgado-Mena, E, Rojas, FI, Abe, L, Trifonov, T, Adibekyan, V, Sousa, SG, Fajardo-Acosta, SB, Guillot, T, Howard, S, Littlefield, C, Hawthorn, F, Schmider, FX, Eberhardt, J, Tan, TG, Osborn, A, Schwarz, RP, Strøm, P, Jordán, A, Wang, G, Henning, T, Massey, B, Law, N, Stockdale, C, Furlan, E, Srdoc, G, Wheatley, PJ, Barrado Navascus, D, Lissauer, JJ, Stassun, KG, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, RK, Latham, DW, Winn, JN, Seager, S, Jenkins, JM, Barclay, T, Bouma, LG, Christiansen, JL, Guerrero, N & Rose, ME 2023, 'TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 524, no. 1, pp. 1113-1138. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1666

TY - JOUR

T1 - TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

AU - Sha, Lizhou

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew M.

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Armstrong, David J.

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Wood, Mackenna L.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Nielsen, Louise D.

AU - Hobson, Melissa J.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Torres-Miranda, Pascal

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Delgado-Mena, Elisa

AU - Rojas, Felipe I.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Trifonov, Trifon

AU - Adibekyan, Vardan

AU - Sousa, Srgio G.

AU - Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio B.

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Howard, Saburo

AU - Littlefield, Colin

AU - Hawthorn, Faith

AU - Schmider, François Xavier

AU - Eberhardt, Jan

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Osborn, Ares

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Strøm, Paul

AU - Jordán, Andrs

AU - Wang, Gavin

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Massey, Bob

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Furlan, Elise

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Wheatley, Peter J.

AU - Barrado Navascus, David

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Bouma, Luke G.

AU - Christiansen, Jessie L.

AU - Guerrero, Natalia

AU - Rose, Mark E.

PY - 2023/9/1

Y1 - 2023/9/1

N2 - Hot jupiters (P < 10 d, M > 60 M?) are almost always found alone around their stars, but four out of hundreds known have inner companion planets. These rare companions allow us to constrain the hot jupiter's formation history by ruling out high-eccentricity tidal migration. Less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. We report here the discovery of the TOI-2000 system, which features a hot Saturn-mass planet with a smaller inner companion. The mini-neptune TOI-2000 b (2.70 ± 0.15 R?, 11.0 ± 2.4 M?) is in a 3.10-d orbit, and the hot saturn TOI-2000 c (R?, M?) is in a 9.13-d orbit. Both planets transit their host star TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886, V = 10.98, TESS magnitude = 10.36), a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.439) G dwarf 173 pc away. TESS observed the two planets in sectors 9-11 and 36-38, and we followed up with ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and speckle imaging. Radial velocities from CHIRON, FEROS, and HARPS allowed us to confirm both planets by direct mass measurement. In addition, we demonstrate constraining planetary and stellar parameters with MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo under the PyMC framework, achieving higher sampling efficiency and shorter run time compared to traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo. Having the brightest host star in the V band among similar systems, TOI-2000 b and c are superb candidates for atmospheric characterization by the JWST, which can potentially distinguish whether they formed together or TOI-2000 c swept along material during migration to form TOI-2000 b.

AB - Hot jupiters (P < 10 d, M > 60 M?) are almost always found alone around their stars, but four out of hundreds known have inner companion planets. These rare companions allow us to constrain the hot jupiter's formation history by ruling out high-eccentricity tidal migration. Less is known about inner companions to hot Saturn-mass planets. We report here the discovery of the TOI-2000 system, which features a hot Saturn-mass planet with a smaller inner companion. The mini-neptune TOI-2000 b (2.70 ± 0.15 R?, 11.0 ± 2.4 M?) is in a 3.10-d orbit, and the hot saturn TOI-2000 c (R?, M?) is in a 9.13-d orbit. Both planets transit their host star TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886, V = 10.98, TESS magnitude = 10.36), a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.439) G dwarf 173 pc away. TESS observed the two planets in sectors 9-11 and 36-38, and we followed up with ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and speckle imaging. Radial velocities from CHIRON, FEROS, and HARPS allowed us to confirm both planets by direct mass measurement. In addition, we demonstrate constraining planetary and stellar parameters with MIST stellar evolutionary tracks through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo under the PyMC framework, achieving higher sampling efficiency and shorter run time compared to traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo. Having the brightest host star in the V band among similar systems, TOI-2000 b and c are superb candidates for atmospheric characterization by the JWST, which can potentially distinguish whether they formed together or TOI-2000 c swept along material during migration to form TOI-2000 b.

KW - planets and satellites: detection

KW - planets and satellites: formation

KW - planets and satellites: gaseous planets

KW - stars: individual: TOI-2000 (TIC 371188886)

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - techniques: radial velocities

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163815148&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85163815148&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad1666

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad1666

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85163815148

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 524

SP - 1113

EP - 1138

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

TESS spots a mini- interior to a hot saturn in the TOI-2000 system

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