TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946

Luca Cacciapuoti; Laura Inno; Giovanni Covone; Veselin B. Kostov; Thomas Barclay; Elisa V. Quintana; Knicole D. Colon; Keivan G. Stassun; Benjamin Hord; Steven Giacalone; Stephen R. Kane; Kelsey Hoffman; Jason Rowe; Gavin Wang; Kevin I. Collins; Karen A. Collins; Thiam Guan Tan; Francesco Gallo; Christian Magliano; Riccardo M. Ienco; Markus Rabus; David R. Ciardi; Elise Furlan; Steve B. Howell; Crystal L. Gnilka; Nicholas J. Scott; Kathryn V. Lester; Carl Ziegler; César Briceño; Nicholas Law; Andrew W. Mann; Christopher J. Burke; Samuel N. Quinn; Angelo Ciaramella; Pasquale De Luca; Stefano Fiscale; Alessandra Rotundi; Livia Marcellino; Ardelio Galletti; Ida Bifulco; Fabrizio Oliva; Alton Spencer; Lisa Kaltenegger; Scott McDermott; Zahra Essack; Jon M. Jenkins; Bill Wohler; Joshua N. Winn; S. Seager; Roland Vanderspek; George Zhou; Avi Shporer; Diana Dragomir; William Fong

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243565

TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946

Luca Cacciapuoti, Laura Inno, Giovanni Covone, Veselin B. Kostov, Thomas Barclay, Elisa V. Quintana, Knicole D. Colon, Keivan G. Stassun, Benjamin Hord, Steven Giacalone, Stephen R. Kane, Kelsey Hoffman, Jason Rowe, Gavin Wang, Kevin I. Collins, Karen A. Collins, Thiam Guan Tan, Francesco Gallo, Christian Magliano, Riccardo M. IencoMarkus Rabus, David R. Ciardi, Elise Furlan, Steve B. Howell, Crystal L. Gnilka, Nicholas J. Scott, Kathryn V. Lester, Carl Ziegler, César Briceño, Nicholas Law, Andrew W. Mann, Christopher J. Burke, Samuel N. Quinn, Angelo Ciaramella, Pasquale De Luca, Stefano Fiscale, Alessandra Rotundi, Livia Marcellino, Ardelio Galletti, Ida Bifulco, Fabrizio Oliva, Alton Spencer, Lisa Kaltenegger, Scott McDermott, Zahra Essack, Jon M. Jenkins, Bill Wohler, Joshua N. Winn, S. Seager, Roland Vanderspek, George Zhou, Avi Shporer, Diana Dragomir, William Fong

Astrophysical Sciences

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Abstract

We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of a three-planet system around the bright Sun-like star HD 22946 (V ≈ 8.3 mag), also known as TIC 100990000, located 63 pc from Earth. The system was observed by TESS in Sectors 3, 4, 30, and 31 and two planet candidates, labeled TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) 411.01 (planet c) and 411.02 (planet b), were identified on orbits of 9.57 and 4.04 days, respectively. In this work, we validate the two planets and recover an additional single transit-like signal in the light curve, which suggests the presence of a third transiting planet with a longer period of about 46 days. We assess the veracity of the TESS transit signals and use follow-up imaging and time-series photometry to rule out false-positive scenarios, including unresolved binary systems, nearby eclipsing binaries, and contamination of the light curves by background or foreground stars. Parallax measurements from Gaia Early Data Release 3 together with broad-band photometry and spectroscopic follow-up by the TESS FollowUp Observing Program (TFOP) allowed us to constrain the stellar parameters of TOI-411, including its radius of 1.157 ± 0.025 R·. Adopting this value, we determined the radii for the three exoplanet candidates and found that planet b is a super-Earth with a radius of 1.48 ± 0.06 Ro˙, while planets c and d are sub-Neptunian planets with radii of 2.35 ± 0.08 Ro˙ and 2.78 ± 0.13 Ro˙ respectively. Using dynamical simulations, we assessed the stability of the system and evaluated the possibility of the presence of other undetected, non-transiting planets by investigating its dynamical packing. We find that the system is dynamically stable and potentially unpacked, with enough space to host at least one more planet between c and d. Finally, given that the star is bright and nearby, we discuss possibilities for detailed mass characterisation of its surrounding worlds and opportunities for the detection of their atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	A85
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	668
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243565
State	Published - Dec 1 2022

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

Planets and satellites: detection
Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
Planets and satellites: general

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10.1051/0004-6361/202243565

Cite this

Cacciapuoti, L., Inno, L., Covone, G., Kostov, V. B., Barclay, T., Quintana, E. V., Colon, K. D., Stassun, K. G., Hord, B., Giacalone, S., Kane, S. R., Hoffman, K., Rowe, J., Wang, G., Collins, K. I., Collins, K. A., Tan, T. G., Gallo, F., Magliano, C., ... Fong, W. (2022). TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 668, Article A85. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243565

@article{67dcc293d5ab4ba6b10be34746fdc697,

title = "TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946",

abstract = "We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of a three-planet system around the bright Sun-like star HD 22946 (V ≈ 8.3 mag), also known as TIC 100990000, located 63 pc from Earth. The system was observed by TESS in Sectors 3, 4, 30, and 31 and two planet candidates, labeled TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) 411.01 (planet c) and 411.02 (planet b), were identified on orbits of 9.57 and 4.04 days, respectively. In this work, we validate the two planets and recover an additional single transit-like signal in the light curve, which suggests the presence of a third transiting planet with a longer period of about 46 days. We assess the veracity of the TESS transit signals and use follow-up imaging and time-series photometry to rule out false-positive scenarios, including unresolved binary systems, nearby eclipsing binaries, and contamination of the light curves by background or foreground stars. Parallax measurements from Gaia Early Data Release 3 together with broad-band photometry and spectroscopic follow-up by the TESS FollowUp Observing Program (TFOP) allowed us to constrain the stellar parameters of TOI-411, including its radius of 1.157 ± 0.025 R·. Adopting this value, we determined the radii for the three exoplanet candidates and found that planet b is a super-Earth with a radius of 1.48 ± 0.06 Ro˙, while planets c and d are sub-Neptunian planets with radii of 2.35 ± 0.08 Ro˙ and 2.78 ± 0.13 Ro˙ respectively. Using dynamical simulations, we assessed the stability of the system and evaluated the possibility of the presence of other undetected, non-transiting planets by investigating its dynamical packing. We find that the system is dynamically stable and potentially unpacked, with enough space to host at least one more planet between c and d. Finally, given that the star is bright and nearby, we discuss possibilities for detailed mass characterisation of its surrounding worlds and opportunities for the detection of their atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope.",

keywords = "Planets and satellites: detection, Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters, Planets and satellites: general",

author = "Luca Cacciapuoti and Laura Inno and Giovanni Covone and Kostov, {Veselin B.} and Thomas Barclay and Quintana, {Elisa V.} and Colon, {Knicole D.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Benjamin Hord and Steven Giacalone and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Kelsey Hoffman and Jason Rowe and Gavin Wang and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Tan, {Thiam Guan} and Francesco Gallo and Christian Magliano and Ienco, {Riccardo M.} and Markus Rabus and Ciardi, {David R.} and Elise Furlan and Howell, {Steve B.} and Gnilka, {Crystal L.} and Scott, {Nicholas J.} and Lester, {Kathryn V.} and Carl Ziegler and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Nicholas Law and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Burke, {Christopher J.} and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Angelo Ciaramella and {De Luca}, Pasquale and Stefano Fiscale and Alessandra Rotundi and Livia Marcellino and Ardelio Galletti and Ida Bifulco and Fabrizio Oliva and Alton Spencer and Lisa Kaltenegger and Scott McDermott and Zahra Essack and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Bill Wohler and Winn, {Joshua N.} and S. Seager and Roland Vanderspek and George Zhou and Avi Shporer and Diana Dragomir and William Fong",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202243565",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "668",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Cacciapuoti, L, Inno, L, Covone, G, Kostov, VB, Barclay, T, Quintana, EV, Colon, KD, Stassun, KG, Hord, B, Giacalone, S, Kane, SR, Hoffman, K, Rowe, J, Wang, G, Collins, KI, Collins, KA, Tan, TG, Gallo, F, Magliano, C, Ienco, RM, Rabus, M, Ciardi, DR, Furlan, E, Howell, SB, Gnilka, CL, Scott, NJ, Lester, KV, Ziegler, C, Briceño, C, Law, N, Mann, AW, Burke, CJ, Quinn, SN, Ciaramella, A, De Luca, P, Fiscale, S, Rotundi, A, Marcellino, L, Galletti, A, Bifulco, I, Oliva, F, Spencer, A, Kaltenegger, L, McDermott, S, Essack, Z, Jenkins, JM, Wohler, B, Winn, JN, Seager, S, Vanderspek, R, Zhou, G, Shporer, A, Dragomir, D & Fong, W 2022, 'TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 668, A85. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243565

TY - JOUR

T1 - TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946

AU - Cacciapuoti, Luca

AU - Inno, Laura

AU - Covone, Giovanni

AU - Kostov, Veselin B.

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Quintana, Elisa V.

AU - Colon, Knicole D.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Hord, Benjamin

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Hoffman, Kelsey

AU - Rowe, Jason

AU - Wang, Gavin

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Tan, Thiam Guan

AU - Gallo, Francesco

AU - Magliano, Christian

AU - Ienco, Riccardo M.

AU - Rabus, Markus

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Furlan, Elise

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Gnilka, Crystal L.

AU - Scott, Nicholas J.

AU - Lester, Kathryn V.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Briceño, César

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Burke, Christopher J.

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Ciaramella, Angelo

AU - De Luca, Pasquale

AU - Fiscale, Stefano

AU - Rotundi, Alessandra

AU - Marcellino, Livia

AU - Galletti, Ardelio

AU - Bifulco, Ida

AU - Oliva, Fabrizio

AU - Spencer, Alton

AU - Kaltenegger, Lisa

AU - McDermott, Scott

AU - Essack, Zahra

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Wohler, Bill

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Fong, William

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of a three-planet system around the bright Sun-like star HD 22946 (V ≈ 8.3 mag), also known as TIC 100990000, located 63 pc from Earth. The system was observed by TESS in Sectors 3, 4, 30, and 31 and two planet candidates, labeled TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) 411.01 (planet c) and 411.02 (planet b), were identified on orbits of 9.57 and 4.04 days, respectively. In this work, we validate the two planets and recover an additional single transit-like signal in the light curve, which suggests the presence of a third transiting planet with a longer period of about 46 days. We assess the veracity of the TESS transit signals and use follow-up imaging and time-series photometry to rule out false-positive scenarios, including unresolved binary systems, nearby eclipsing binaries, and contamination of the light curves by background or foreground stars. Parallax measurements from Gaia Early Data Release 3 together with broad-band photometry and spectroscopic follow-up by the TESS FollowUp Observing Program (TFOP) allowed us to constrain the stellar parameters of TOI-411, including its radius of 1.157 ± 0.025 R·. Adopting this value, we determined the radii for the three exoplanet candidates and found that planet b is a super-Earth with a radius of 1.48 ± 0.06 Ro˙, while planets c and d are sub-Neptunian planets with radii of 2.35 ± 0.08 Ro˙ and 2.78 ± 0.13 Ro˙ respectively. Using dynamical simulations, we assessed the stability of the system and evaluated the possibility of the presence of other undetected, non-transiting planets by investigating its dynamical packing. We find that the system is dynamically stable and potentially unpacked, with enough space to host at least one more planet between c and d. Finally, given that the star is bright and nearby, we discuss possibilities for detailed mass characterisation of its surrounding worlds and opportunities for the detection of their atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope.

AB - We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of a three-planet system around the bright Sun-like star HD 22946 (V ≈ 8.3 mag), also known as TIC 100990000, located 63 pc from Earth. The system was observed by TESS in Sectors 3, 4, 30, and 31 and two planet candidates, labeled TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) 411.01 (planet c) and 411.02 (planet b), were identified on orbits of 9.57 and 4.04 days, respectively. In this work, we validate the two planets and recover an additional single transit-like signal in the light curve, which suggests the presence of a third transiting planet with a longer period of about 46 days. We assess the veracity of the TESS transit signals and use follow-up imaging and time-series photometry to rule out false-positive scenarios, including unresolved binary systems, nearby eclipsing binaries, and contamination of the light curves by background or foreground stars. Parallax measurements from Gaia Early Data Release 3 together with broad-band photometry and spectroscopic follow-up by the TESS FollowUp Observing Program (TFOP) allowed us to constrain the stellar parameters of TOI-411, including its radius of 1.157 ± 0.025 R·. Adopting this value, we determined the radii for the three exoplanet candidates and found that planet b is a super-Earth with a radius of 1.48 ± 0.06 Ro˙, while planets c and d are sub-Neptunian planets with radii of 2.35 ± 0.08 Ro˙ and 2.78 ± 0.13 Ro˙ respectively. Using dynamical simulations, we assessed the stability of the system and evaluated the possibility of the presence of other undetected, non-transiting planets by investigating its dynamical packing. We find that the system is dynamically stable and potentially unpacked, with enough space to host at least one more planet between c and d. Finally, given that the star is bright and nearby, we discuss possibilities for detailed mass characterisation of its surrounding worlds and opportunities for the detection of their atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope.

KW - Planets and satellites: detection

KW - Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters

KW - Planets and satellites: general

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85145437050&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85145437050&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202243565

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202243565

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85145437050

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 668

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A85

ER -

TESS discovery of a super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes orbiting the bright, nearby, Sun-like star HD 22946

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