Abstract
Magnetic equilibrium reconstruction in the Lithium Tokamak Experiment-Beta (LTX-β) is complicated by strong eddy currents and toroidal asymmetries arising from its segmented, close-fitting conducting shell. In the earlier experiment LTX, these three-dimensional (3D) conductor effects significantly distorted diagnostic signals and challenged conventional axisymmetric reconstruction methods. In this work, we demonstrate that accurate plasma equilibria can be recovered on LTX-β by incorporating a small number of dominant eddy current modes derived from realistic conductor models. Using the open-source TokaMaker Grad-Shafranov solver, we reconstruct equilibria across a systematically selected set of LTX-β discharges and validate them against the legacy PSI-Tri hybrid 2D-3D code. Our results show that fully 2D TokaMaker reconstructions achieve significantly improved agreement with flux loop and Mirnov probe measurements, reducing total chi-squared fitting errors, especially during startup. Finally, we develop new hybrid 2D-3D TokaMaker reconstructions by integrating the ThinCurr 3D eddy current model, which we optimize for significant further reduction of chi-squared in most scenarios. These findings underscore the importance of realistic wall-current modeling in short-pulse tokamaks, and establish a physics-based reconstruction framework that is extensible to devices with complex passive structures and 3D wall interactions.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 116009 |
| Journal | Nuclear Fusion |
| Volume | 65 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 1 2025 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
Keywords
- Grad-Shafranov solver
- LTX-β
- ThinCurr
- eddy currents
- equilibrium reconstruction
- tokamak
- tokamaker
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