TY - JOUR
T1 - Swift Acid Rain Sensing by Synergistic Rhizospheric Bioelectrochemical Responses
AU - Li, Tian
AU - Wang, Xin
AU - Zhou, Qixing
AU - Liao, Chengmei
AU - Zhou, Lean
AU - Wan, Lili
AU - An, Jingkun
AU - Du, Qing
AU - Li, Nan
AU - Ren, Zhiyong Jason
N1 - Funding Information:
This research work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21577068), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and 111 program, Ministry of Education, China (T2017002), and the Water Energy Nexus Interdisciplinary Research Theme at University of Colorado Boulder.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2018/7/27
Y1 - 2018/7/27
N2 - Acid rain poses significant threats to crops and causes a decline in food production, but current monitoring and response to acid rain damage is either slow or expensive. The direct damage observation on plants can take several hours to days when the damage is irreversible. This study presents a real time bioelectrochemical monitoring approach that can detect acid rain damage within minutes. The rhizospheric bioelectrochemical sensor (RBS) takes advantage of the fast chain responses from leaves to roots, and then to the microbial electrochemical reactions in the rhizosphere. Immediate and repeatable current fluctuations were observed within 2 min after acid rain, and such changes were found to correspond well to the changes in rhizospheric organic concentration and electrochemical responses. Such correlation not only can be observed during acid rain events that can be remedied via rinsing, but it was also validated when such damage is irreversible, resulted in zero current, photosynthetic efficiency, and electrochemical signals. The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and galactose metabolism in leaves and roots were inhibited by the acid rain, which resulted in the decrease of rhizodeposits such as fumaric acid, d-galactose, and d-glucose. These changes resulted in reduced electroactivity of anodic microorganisms, which was confirmed by a reduced redox current, a narrower spectrum in differential pulse voltammetry, and the loss of peak in the Bode plot. These findings indicate that the RBS process can be a simple, swift, and low-cost monitoring tool for acid rain that allows swift remediation measures, and its potential may be broadened to other environmental monitoring applications.
AB - Acid rain poses significant threats to crops and causes a decline in food production, but current monitoring and response to acid rain damage is either slow or expensive. The direct damage observation on plants can take several hours to days when the damage is irreversible. This study presents a real time bioelectrochemical monitoring approach that can detect acid rain damage within minutes. The rhizospheric bioelectrochemical sensor (RBS) takes advantage of the fast chain responses from leaves to roots, and then to the microbial electrochemical reactions in the rhizosphere. Immediate and repeatable current fluctuations were observed within 2 min after acid rain, and such changes were found to correspond well to the changes in rhizospheric organic concentration and electrochemical responses. Such correlation not only can be observed during acid rain events that can be remedied via rinsing, but it was also validated when such damage is irreversible, resulted in zero current, photosynthetic efficiency, and electrochemical signals. The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and galactose metabolism in leaves and roots were inhibited by the acid rain, which resulted in the decrease of rhizodeposits such as fumaric acid, d-galactose, and d-glucose. These changes resulted in reduced electroactivity of anodic microorganisms, which was confirmed by a reduced redox current, a narrower spectrum in differential pulse voltammetry, and the loss of peak in the Bode plot. These findings indicate that the RBS process can be a simple, swift, and low-cost monitoring tool for acid rain that allows swift remediation measures, and its potential may be broadened to other environmental monitoring applications.
KW - acid rain
KW - metabolites
KW - rhizodeposits
KW - rhizospheric bioelectrochemical sensor
KW - rice plant
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U2 - 10.1021/acssensors.8b00401
DO - 10.1021/acssensors.8b00401
M3 - Article
C2 - 29968464
AN - SCOPUS:85050724219
SN - 2379-3694
VL - 3
SP - 1424
EP - 1430
JO - ACS Sensors
JF - ACS Sensors
IS - 7
ER -