@article{ecbf79ffa3774ffd843626bfad833a4b,
title = "Suburbanization in the USA, 1970–2010",
abstract = "The second half of the 20th century saw large-scale suburbanization in the USA, with the median share of residents who work in the county where they live falling from 87% to 71% between 1970 and 2000. We introduce a new methodology for discriminating between the three leading explanations for this suburbanization (workplace attractiveness, residence attractiveness and bilateral commuting frictions). This methodology holds in the class of spatial models that are characterized by a structural gravity equation for commuting. We show that the increased openness of counties to commuting is explained mainly by reductions in bilateral commuting frictions, consistent with the expansion of the interstate highway network and the falling real cost of car ownership. We find that changes in workplace attractiveness and residence attractiveness are more important in explaining the observed shift in employment by workplace and employment by residence towards lower densities over time.",
author = "Redding, {Stephen J.}",
note = "Funding Information: I am grateful to Princeton University for research support. This paper was invited for the 100th‐year anniversary special issue of , published by the London School of Economics. I would like to thank the editors for the invitation to participate. I also would like to thank Henry Overman, Daniel Sturm, an anonymous referee, and participants at the special issue conference for their helpful comments. The US Census Bureau data on commuting from the population census were made available through the NBER Research Project on the Economics of Transportation in the 21st Century, funded by a grant through the National Science Foundation from the US Department of Transportation (see https://www.nber.org/programs‐projects/projects‐and‐centers/transportation‐economics‐21st‐century , accessed 31 July 2021). I would like to thank Nate Baum‐Snow and Caitlin Gorback for their help with the data. I am also grateful to Maximilian Schwarz for excellent research assistance. The usual disclaimer applies. Economica Funding Information: I am grateful to Princeton University for research support. This paper was invited for the 100th-year anniversary special issue of Economica, published by the London School of Economics. I would like to thank the editors for the invitation to participate. I also would like to thank Henry Overman, Daniel Sturm, an anonymous referee, and participants at the special issue conference for their helpful comments. The US Census Bureau data on commuting from the population census were made available through the NBER Research Project on the Economics of Transportation in the 21st Century, funded by a grant through the National Science Foundation from the US Department of Transportation (see https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/transportation-economics-21st-century, accessed 31 July 2021). I would like to thank Nate Baum-Snow and Caitlin Gorback for their help with the data. I am also grateful to Maximilian Schwarz for excellent research assistance. The usual disclaimer applies. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The London School of Economics and Political Science.",
year = "2022",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1111/ecca.12387",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "89",
pages = "S110--S136",
journal = "Economica",
issn = "0013-0427",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "S1",
}