TY - JOUR
T1 - Substantive learning bias or an effect of familiarity? Comment on Culbertson, Smolensky, and Legendre (2012)
AU - Goldberg, Adele E.
N1 - Funding Information:
I am very grateful to Jenny Culbertson, Bill Croft, Laura Michaelis, and Ivan Sag for very helpful e-mail discussions and to Bill Croft, Sam Glucksberg, Volya Kapatsinski, Phil Johnson-Laird, and Clarice Robenalt for very useful feedback on an earlier draft. In addition, Jenny Culbertson, Luca Onnis, Matthew Crocker, and a third anonymous reviewer provided insightful reviews of this discussion piece. I’m also grateful to support from the Freie Universität in Berlin for funding through an Einstein Foundation fellowship.
PY - 2013/6
Y1 - 2013/6
N2 - Typologists have long observed that there are certain distributional patterns that are not evenly distributed among the world's languages. This discussion note revisits a recent experimental investigation of one such intriguing case, so-called "universal 18", by Culbertson, Smolensky, and Legendre (2012). The authors find that adult learners are less likely to generalize an artificial grammar that involves the word order combination Adjective-before-Noun and Noun-before-Numeral, and they attribute this to two factors: (1) a domain-general preference for consistency-i.e., a preference for either N before Adj/Num, or N after, and (2) a domain-specific unlearned universal bias against Adj-N + N-Num order. An alternative explanation for the second factor is that it involves a transfer effect from either Spanish-type languages or from English. The case for possible transfer from English is based on the fact that adjectives regularly occur after the nouns they modify in several English constructions, whereas numerals only quantify the nouns they follow in one construction that occurs extremely infrequently.
AB - Typologists have long observed that there are certain distributional patterns that are not evenly distributed among the world's languages. This discussion note revisits a recent experimental investigation of one such intriguing case, so-called "universal 18", by Culbertson, Smolensky, and Legendre (2012). The authors find that adult learners are less likely to generalize an artificial grammar that involves the word order combination Adjective-before-Noun and Noun-before-Numeral, and they attribute this to two factors: (1) a domain-general preference for consistency-i.e., a preference for either N before Adj/Num, or N after, and (2) a domain-specific unlearned universal bias against Adj-N + N-Num order. An alternative explanation for the second factor is that it involves a transfer effect from either Spanish-type languages or from English. The case for possible transfer from English is based on the fact that adjectives regularly occur after the nouns they modify in several English constructions, whereas numerals only quantify the nouns they follow in one construction that occurs extremely infrequently.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.02.017
DO - 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.02.017
M3 - Comment/debate
C2 - 23545389
AN - SCOPUS:84875797873
SN - 0010-0277
VL - 127
SP - 420
EP - 426
JO - Cognition
JF - Cognition
IS - 3
ER -