Structure, defects, and impurities at the rutile TiO₂(0 1 1)-(2 × 1) surface: A scanning tunneling microscopy study

Engineering & Materials Science

• Scanning tunneling microscopy 100%
• Defect structures 88%
• Vacancies 60%
• Impurities 54%
• Oxygen 36%
• Atoms 34%
• Annealing 33%
• Vacuum 19%
• Ultrahigh vacuum 17%
• Oxygen vacancies 17%
• Titanium dioxide 14%
• Sputtering 14%
• Calcium 12%
• Adsorption 10%
• Defects 7%

Chemical Compounds

• Crystal Defect 65%
• Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 57%
• Rutile 55%
• Annealing 33%
• Anti-Phase Domain 27%
• Oxygen Atom 22%
• Vacuum 22%
• Double Bond 21%
• Domain Boundary 20%
• Dioxygen 20%
• Surface 17%
• Sputtering 15%
• Titanium Dioxide 11%
• Calcium(0) 10%
• Adsorption 6%
• Reduction 6%

Physics & Astronomy

• rutile 58%
• scanning tunneling microscopy 54%
• impurities 37%
• defects 31%
• oxygen atoms 23%
• oxygen 20%
• annealing 20%
• vacuum 14%
• antiphase boundaries 13%
• titanium oxides 11%
• ultrahigh vacuum 11%
• calcium 11%
• periodic variations 10%
• sputtering 8%
• adsorption 8%
• configurations 6%
• atoms 5%