Abstract
The thermodynamic and kinetic factors influencing crystallization pressure are reviewed for cases including capillary rise and evaporation, cyclic wetting and drying, and hydration of cement. Under equilibrium conditions, where the crystal is surrounded by a film of solution, high stresses are expected only in small pores, but when that film is discontinuous (as may occur during drying), high stresses can arise even in large pores. High crystallization pressure requires a substantial supersaturation of the pore liquid. In the case of sodium sulfate, supersaturation results from the difference in solubility between the anhydrate and decahydrate phases; for ettringite, supersaturation may develop following the cooling from elevated temperatures. During the hydration of Portland cement, crystallization pressure may result from the growth of ettringite and/or calcium hydroxide.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1613-1624 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Cement and Concrete Research |
Volume | 34 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2004 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Building and Construction
- General Materials Science
Keywords
- Crystallization pressure
- Ettringite
- Sodium sulfate
- Supersaturation