TY - JOUR
T1 - Solid-state laser intra-cavity photothermal gas sensor
AU - Dudzik, Grzegorz
AU - Krzempek, Karol
AU - Abramski, Krzysztof
AU - Wysocki, Gerard
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Centre NCN ( 2014/14/M/ST7/00866 ) and the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange - NAWA ( PPI/APM/2018/1/00031/U/001 ). We acknowledge Malgorzata Sikorska for assistance in editing the manuscript.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Centre NCN (2014/14/M/ST7/00866) and the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange - NAWA (PPI/APM/2018/1/00031/U/001). We acknowledge Malgorzata Sikorska for assistance in editing the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2021/2/1
Y1 - 2021/2/1
N2 - Compact, rugged and sensitive laser-based trace gas sensors are in high demand for science and commercial applications. To ensure high sensitivities, laser spectroscopic sensors often use extended interaction paths (e.g. multi-pass cells), which significantly increases their size, weight and susceptibility to misalignment. Herein, we present a novel, miniaturized photothermal gas sensor, where the gas sample is measured inside the resonator of a monolithic microchip solid-state laser operating at 1064 nm. The photothermal-induced gas refractive index variations are directly translated to a solid-state laser frequency shift, which is detected as a beatnote modulation in a heterodyne detection scheme. The system provides high sensitivity to refractive index changes at the level of ∼1.1 × 10−12 within ultra-short intra-cavity interaction path-length of 1.5 mm, which enables trace-gas measurements in a sensing volume of only 4 μl. In a proof-of-concept experiment using dry carbon dioxide as a test sample the sensor reached a minimum detection limit of 350 ppbv for a 100 s averaging time and NNEA = 4.1 × 10−8 [W cm−1 Hz−1/2].
AB - Compact, rugged and sensitive laser-based trace gas sensors are in high demand for science and commercial applications. To ensure high sensitivities, laser spectroscopic sensors often use extended interaction paths (e.g. multi-pass cells), which significantly increases their size, weight and susceptibility to misalignment. Herein, we present a novel, miniaturized photothermal gas sensor, where the gas sample is measured inside the resonator of a monolithic microchip solid-state laser operating at 1064 nm. The photothermal-induced gas refractive index variations are directly translated to a solid-state laser frequency shift, which is detected as a beatnote modulation in a heterodyne detection scheme. The system provides high sensitivity to refractive index changes at the level of ∼1.1 × 10−12 within ultra-short intra-cavity interaction path-length of 1.5 mm, which enables trace-gas measurements in a sensing volume of only 4 μl. In a proof-of-concept experiment using dry carbon dioxide as a test sample the sensor reached a minimum detection limit of 350 ppbv for a 100 s averaging time and NNEA = 4.1 × 10−8 [W cm−1 Hz−1/2].
KW - Heterodyne gas detection
KW - Intracavity gas detection
KW - Photothermal gas sensor
KW - Solid-state laser
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U2 - 10.1016/j.snb.2020.129072
DO - 10.1016/j.snb.2020.129072
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85094604222
SN - 0925-4005
VL - 328
JO - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
JF - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
M1 - 129072
ER -