TY - JOUR
T1 - Sodium sulfate heptahydrate I
T2 - The growth of single crystals
AU - Derluyn, Hannelore
AU - Saidov, Tamerlan A.
AU - Espinosa-Marzal, Rosa M.
AU - Pel, Leo
AU - Scherer, George W.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW) , Getty Conservation Institute and Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) .
PY - 2011/8/15
Y1 - 2011/8/15
N2 - Sodium sulfate is one of the most damaging salts for porous building materials. In our quest to increase the durability of civil structures and cultural heritage we need to understand its crystallization behavior. In this paper we investigate the cooling-induced growth of the metastable heptahydrate crystal phase by combining nuclear magnetic resonance, for non-destructive measurement of the concentration, with time-lapse microscopy, to visualize the crystal growth. The growth rate is found to be controlled by interface attachment kinetics. The kinetic growth parameter Gk ranges from 0.001 to 0.007 mm/s for single crystals in a temperature range of 4.813 °C.
AB - Sodium sulfate is one of the most damaging salts for porous building materials. In our quest to increase the durability of civil structures and cultural heritage we need to understand its crystallization behavior. In this paper we investigate the cooling-induced growth of the metastable heptahydrate crystal phase by combining nuclear magnetic resonance, for non-destructive measurement of the concentration, with time-lapse microscopy, to visualize the crystal growth. The growth rate is found to be controlled by interface attachment kinetics. The kinetic growth parameter Gk ranges from 0.001 to 0.007 mm/s for single crystals in a temperature range of 4.813 °C.
KW - A1. Growth models
KW - A1. Supersaturated solutions
KW - A2. Growth from solutions
KW - A2. Natural crystal growth
KW - B1. Salts
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.06.024
DO - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.06.024
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:79960841630
SN - 0022-0248
VL - 329
SP - 44
EP - 51
JO - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF - Journal of Crystal Growth
IS - 1
ER -