Size-selective Lewis acid catalysis in a microporous metal-organic framework with exposed Mn²⁺ coordination sites

Treatment of selected aldehydes and ketones with cyanotrimethylsilane in the presence of the microporous metal-organic framework Mn₃[(Mn₄Cl)₃BTT₈(CH₃OH)₁₀]₂ (1, H3BTT = 1,3,5-benzenetristetrazol-5-yl) leads to rapid conversion to the corresponding cyanosilylated products. The transformation is catalyzed by coordinatively unsaturated Mn²⁺ ions that serve as Lewis acids and lead to conversion yields of 98 and 90% for benzaldehyde and 1-naphthaldehyde, the highest thus far for a metal-organic framework. Larger carbonyl substrates cannot diffuse through the pores of 1, and conversion yields are much lower for these, attesting to the heterogeneity of the reaction and its dependence on guest size. The Mukaiyama-aldol reaction, known to require much more active Lewis catalysts, is also catalyzed in the presence of 1, representing the first such example for a metal-organic framework. Conversion yields obtained for the reaction of selected aldehydes with silyl enolates reach 63%, on par with those obtained with zeolites. Size selectivity is demonstrated for the first time with this reaction through the use of larger silyl enolate substrates.