@article{2b9015842cb2435289f0249fbb86aa88,
title = "Serum cytokine levels in breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant treatment with bevacizumab",
abstract = "A high concentration of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer patients is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Here, serum levels of 27 cytokines and blood cell counts were assessed in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (Bev) in a randomized cohort of 132 patients with non-metastatic HER2-negative tumors. Cytokine levels were determined prior to treatment and at various time-points. The cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) had a profound impact on both circulating white blood cells and circulating cytokine levels. At the end of FEC treatment, the global decrease in cytokine levels correlated with the drop in white blood cell counts and was significantly greater in the patients of the Bev arm for cytokines, such as VEGF-A, IL-12, IP-10 and IL-10. Among patients who received Bev, those with pathological complete response (pCR) exhibited significantly lower levels of VEGF-A, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 than patients without pCR. This effect was not observed in the chemotherapy-only arm. Certain circulating cytokine profiles were found to correlate with different immune cell types at the tumor site. For the Bev arm patients, the serum cytokine levels correlated with higher levels of cytotoxic T cells at the end of the therapy regimen, which was indicative of treatment response. The higher response rate for Bev-treated patients and stronger correlations between serum cytokine levels and infiltrating CD8T cells merits further investigation.",
keywords = "Bevacizumab, VEGF-A, cytokines, immunity, neoadjuvant",
author = "Shakila Jabeen and Manuela Zucknick and Marianne Nome and Ruth Dannenfelser and Thomas Fleischer and Surendra Kumar and Torben L{\"u}ders and {von der Lippe Gythfeldt}, Hedda and Troyanskaya, {Olga G.} and Kyte, {Jon Amund} and B{\o}rresen-Dale, {Anne Lise} and Bj{\o}rn Naume and Xavier Tekpli and Olav Engebraaten and Vessela Kristensen",
note = "Funding Information: KG Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority Akershus University Hospital Norges Forskningsr{\aa}d Norwegian Breast Cancer Society This clinical trial was supported in part by generous grants from the Pink Ribbon Movement and Norwegian Breast Cancer Society (Project no. 11003001), and the Norwegian Research Council (Project no. 191436/V50). In addition, K. G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research contributed to the project. SJ was a PhD fellow of the South Eastern Norway Health Authority (grant 272904 to VN Kristensen). Cytokine profiling was performed with a grant from Strategiske forskningsmidler ved Akershus University Hospital (grant 266972). This clinical trial was supported by the Pink Ribbon Movement, the Norwegian Breast Cancer Society (Project no. 11003001), and the Norwegian Research Council (Project no. 191436/V50). The K. G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research also contributed to this project. SJ was a PhD fellow of the South Eastern Norway Health Authority (Grant 272904 to VN Kristensen). Cytokine profiling was performed with a grant from Strategiske Midler at Akershus University Hospital (Grant 266972). We wish to acknowledge Grethe I. G. Aln{\ae}s and Jovana Klajic for their assistance with sample handling. Funding Information: This clinical trial was supported by the Pink Ribbon Movement, the Norwegian Breast Cancer Society (Project no. 11003001), and the Norwegian Research Council (Project no. 191436/V50). The K. G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research also contributed to this project. SJ was a PhD fellow of the South Eastern Norway Health Authority (Grant 272904 to VN Kristensen). Cytokine profiling was performed with a grant from Strategiske Midler at Akershus University Hospital (Grant 266972). We wish to acknowledge Grethe I. G. Aln{\ae}s and Jovana Klajic for their assistance with sample handling. Funding Information: KG Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority Akershus University Hospital Norges For-skningsra°d Norwegian Breast Cancer Society This clinical trial was supported in part by generous grants from the Pink Ribbon Movement and Norwegian Breast Cancer Society (Project no. 11003001), and the Norwegian Research Council (Project no. 191436/V50). In addition, K. G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research contributed to the project. SJ was a PhD fellow of the South Eastern Norway Health Authority (grant 272904 to VN Kristensen). Cytokine profiling was performed with a grant from Strategiske forskningsmidler ved Akershus University Hospital (grant 266972). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, {\textcopyright} 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",
year = "2018",
month = nov,
day = "2",
doi = "10.1080/2162402X.2018.1457598",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
journal = "OncoImmunology",
issn = "2162-4011",
publisher = "Landes Bioscience",
number = "11",
}