Selection and validation of normalization methods for c-DNA microarrays using within-array replications

Jianqing Fan, Yue Niu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Motivation: Normalization of microarray data is essential for multiple-array analyses. Several normalization protocols have been proposed based on different biological or statistical assumptions. A fundamental problem arises whether they have effectively normalized arrays. In addition, for a given array, the question arises how to choose a method to most effectively normalize the microarray data. Results: We propose several techniques to compare the effectiveness of different normalization methods. We approach the problem by constructing statistics to test whether there are any systematic biases in the expression profiles among duplicated spots within an array. The test statistics involve estimating the genewise variances. This is accomplished by using several novel methods, including empirical Bayes methods for moderating the genewise variances and the smoothing methods for aggregating variance information. P-values are estimated based on a normal or χ approximation. With estimated P-values, we can choose a most appropriate method to normalize a specific array and assess the extent to which the systematic biases due to the variations of experimental conditions have been removed. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed methods are convincingly illustrated by a carefully designed simulation study. The method is further illustrated by an application to human placenta cDNAs comprising a large number of clones with replications, a customized microarray experiment carrying just a few hundred genes on the study of the molecular roles of Interferons on tumor, and the Agilent microarrays carrying tens of thousands of total RNA samples in the MAQC project on the study of reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity of the data.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2391-2398
Number of pages8
JournalBioinformatics
Volume23
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 15 2007

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Statistics and Probability
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Computational Theory and Mathematics
  • Computational Mathematics

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