Roles of biology and gas exchange in determining the δ¹³C distribution in the ocean and the preindustrial gradient in atmospheric δ¹³C

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• gas exchange 100%
• isotopic fractionation 52%
• ocean 50%
• temperature effect 45%
• Northern Hemisphere 39%
• atmosphere 38%
• distribution 31%
• anomaly 29%
• biological effect 24%
• air 23%
• global ocean 23%
• sea 23%
• disequilibrium 23%
• biological processes 21%
• photosynthesis 21%
• respiration 19%
• sea surface 18%
• fractionation 18%
• simulation 9%
• test 8%
• analysis 5%

Chemical Compounds

• Fractionation 77%
• Gas 46%
• Photosynthesis 33%
• Simulation 18%
• Surface 9%