@article{04eddc6e61384403b9231915909bcdfb,
title = "Regression discontinuity designs using covariates",
abstract = "—We study regression discontinuity designs when covariates are included in the estimation. We examine local polynomial estimators that include discrete or continuous covariates in an additive separable way, but without imposing any parametric restrictions on the underlying population regression functions. We recommend a covariate-adjustment approach that retains consistency under intuitive conditions and characterize the potential for estimation and inference improvements. We also present new covariateadjusted mean-squared error expansions and robust bias-corrected inference procedures, with heteroskedasticity-consistent and cluster-robust standard errors. We provide an empirical illustration and an extensive simulation study. All methods are implemented in R and Stata software packages.",
author = "Sebastian Calonico and Cattaneo, {Matias D.} and Farrell, {Max H.} and Roc{\'i}o Titiunik",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the coeditor, Bryan Graham, and three reviewers for comments. We also thank Stephane Bonhomme, Ivan Canay, David Drukker, Kosuke Imai, Michael Jansson, Lutz Kilian, Pat Kline, Xinwei Ma, Andres Santos, and Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare, and participants at the 2017 Annual Conference of the Society for Political Methodology for thoughtful comments and suggestions. M.C. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation through grants SES-1357561 and SES-1459931; M.F. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Richard N. Rosett and John E. Jeuck Fellowships; and R.T. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation through grant SES-1357561. Companion software is available at https://sites.google.com /site/rdpackages/. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1162/rest_a_00760",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "101",
pages = "442--451",
journal = "Review of Economics and Statistics",
issn = "0034-6535",
publisher = "MIT Press Journals",
number = "3",
}