Real-time wall conditioning and recycling modification utilizing boron and boron nitride powder injections into the Large Helical Device

Controlled particulate injections from the PPPL impurity powder dropper (IPD) into the Large Helical Device have demonstrated positive effects on the wall conditions on both an intra and inter-shot basis. Injections over a range of densities, input powers, pulse lengths, heating schemes, injection quantities and main ion species show conclusive evidence of improvement to plasma wall conditions. Successful injections are confirmed by both spectroscopic measurements as well as real-time visible camera signals. In 7 s long plasmas the responses include a reduction in wall recycling as well as a reduction in native impurity content as observed over the course of several discharges. For plasmas longer than 40 s, improvements to the recycling rate and increased impurity control are observed in real time as a consequence of the extended particulate injections. These experiments demonstrate the extended applicability of this solid particulate conditioning technique to the control and maintenance of the plasma wall conditions. In addition they are an important initial step in the development of the real-time boronization technique as a supplement to standard conditioning scenarios.