@article{d1d4adf3855b4f368ce9075f3a89e072,
title = "RAP1 protein interacts with yeast telomeres in vivo: Overproduction alters telomere structure and decreases chromosome stability",
abstract = "The protein encoded by the RAP1 gene of S. cerevisiae binds in vitro to a consensus sequence occurring at a number of sites in the yeast genome, including the repeated sequence C2-3A(CA)1-6 found at yeast telomeres. We present two lines of evidence for the in vivo binding of RAP1 protein at telomeres: first, RAP1 is present in telomeric chromatin and second, alterations in the level of RAP1 protein affect telomere length. The length changes seen with under- and overexpression of RAP1 are consistent with the interpretation that RAP1 binding to telomeres protects them from degradation. Unexpectedly, overproduction of the RAP1 protein was also shown to decrease greatly chromosome stability, suggesting that RAP1 mediates interactions that have a more global effect on chromosome behavior than simply protecting telomeres from degradation. Such interactions may involve telomere associations both with other telomeres and/or with structural elements of the nucleus.",
author = "Conrad, {Michael N.} and Wright, {Jocelyn H.} and Wolf, {Alexander J.} and Zakian, {Virginia A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Michael Breitenbach for his generous gift of the grc4 mutant prior to publication as well as Kerry Bloom and Michael Saunders for supplying their unpublished procedure for preparing soluble chromatin. We thank David Shore for the RAP1 clone and Wolfram H&z for the chromosome I telomere probe. We are grateful to Kurt Runge for providing the YEpFAT vectors and yeast strains. We thank Anne Traylor and Mary Njegovan for technical assistance; Craig Thulin for constructing the RAP/-ABBF plasmids and red52 strain; Dan Gottshling and Raymund Wellinger for yeast strains; and Kurt Runge, Lisa Sandell, Sy-Shi Wang, and Raymund Wellinger for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grant GM43265 to V. A. Z. M. N. C. was supported by an NIH postdoctoral training grant Genetic Approaches to Aging Research, and J. H. W. was a predoctoral fellow supported by the NIH training grant Molecular Training Program in Cancer Research, both through the Pathology Department of the University of Washington.",
year = "1990",
month = nov,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1016/0092-8674(90)90140-A",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "63",
pages = "739--750",
journal = "Cell",
issn = "0092-8674",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "4",
}