Quantitative estimation of CO₂ leakage from geological storage: Analytical models, numerical models, and data needs

This chapter focuses on development of large-scale modeling tools to quantify potential CO₂ leakage along existing wells. Geological storage of CO₂ is emerging as one of the most promising options for carbon mitigation. While this approach appears to be technically feasible, a comprehensive risk assessment is required to determine the overall effectiveness and possible environmental consequences of this approach. One important part of such a risk assessment is an analysis of potential leakage of injected CO₂ from the formation into which is injected, to other permeable formations or to the atmosphere. Such leakage is a concern because it may contaminate existing energy, mineral, and/or groundwater resources, it may pose a hazard at the ground surface, and it will contribute to increased concentrations of CO₂ in the atmosphere.