TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantification of the voltage losses in the minimal architecture zinc-bromine battery using GITT and EIS
AU - Knehr, Kevin W.
AU - Biswas, Shaurjo
AU - Steingart, Daniel Artemus
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Israel Chemicals Ltd (ICL). The authors graciously thank Hang Huynh for her time.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2017. Published by ECS. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - The sources of voltage loss in the minimal architecture zinc bromine battery are characterized using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on a cell with a three electrode setup. Monitoring of the electrode voltages during charge/discharge indicate the full cell capacity is limited by the Zn/Zn2+ negative electrode. From GITT, the losses in voltage due to mass transport are shown to be relatively small in comparison to the IR resistance in the cell. In addition, it is shown that decreases in the open circuit voltage with respect to theory are likely caused by the complexation of Br2 into BrX−. Using EIS, the charge transfer resistances at each electrode and ohmic resistances of each component are determined. Overall, the main factors restricting the voltage of the cell are the ohmic resistances in the carbon cloth current collectors and in the electrolyte. Additionally, significant charge transfer resistances are observed at the negative electrode near the start of charge and end of discharge, when the amount of zinc plated on the carbon cloth electrode is minimal.
AB - The sources of voltage loss in the minimal architecture zinc bromine battery are characterized using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on a cell with a three electrode setup. Monitoring of the electrode voltages during charge/discharge indicate the full cell capacity is limited by the Zn/Zn2+ negative electrode. From GITT, the losses in voltage due to mass transport are shown to be relatively small in comparison to the IR resistance in the cell. In addition, it is shown that decreases in the open circuit voltage with respect to theory are likely caused by the complexation of Br2 into BrX−. Using EIS, the charge transfer resistances at each electrode and ohmic resistances of each component are determined. Overall, the main factors restricting the voltage of the cell are the ohmic resistances in the carbon cloth current collectors and in the electrolyte. Additionally, significant charge transfer resistances are observed at the negative electrode near the start of charge and end of discharge, when the amount of zinc plated on the carbon cloth electrode is minimal.
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U2 - 10.1149/2.0821713jes
DO - 10.1149/2.0821713jes
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85033695926
SN - 0013-4651
VL - 164
SP - A3101-A3108
JO - Journal of the Electrochemical Society
JF - Journal of the Electrochemical Society
IS - 13
ER -