TY - JOUR
T1 - Polytropic Behavior in the Structures of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections
AU - Dayeh, M. A.
AU - Livadiotis, G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2022/12/1
Y1 - 2022/12/1
N2 - The polytropic process characterizes the thermodynamics of space plasma particle populations. The polytropic index, γ, is particularly important as it describes the thermodynamic behavior of the system by quantifying the changes in temperature as the system is compressed or expanded. Using Wind spacecraft plasma and magnetic field data during 1995 February-2015 December, we investigate the thermodynamic evolution in 336 interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events. For each event, we derive the index γ in the sheath and magnetic ejecta structures, along with the pre- and post-event regions. We then examine the distributions of all γ indices in these four regions and derive the entropic gradient of each, which is indicative of the ambient heating. We find that in the ICME sheath region, where wave turbulence is expected to be highest, the thermodynamics takes longest to recover into the original quasi-adiabatic process, while it recovers faster in the quieter ejecta region. This pattern creates a thermodynamic cycle, featuring a near adiabatic value γ ∼ γ a (=5/3) upstream of the ICMEs, γ a − γ ∼ 0.26 in the sheaths, γ a − γ ∼ 0.13 in the ICME ejecta, and recovers again to γ ∼ γ a after the passage of the ICME. These results expose the turbulent heating rates in the ICME plasma: the lower the polytropic index from its adiabatic value and closer to its isothermal value, the larger the entropic gradient, and thus, the rate of turbulent heating that heats the ICME plasma.
AB - The polytropic process characterizes the thermodynamics of space plasma particle populations. The polytropic index, γ, is particularly important as it describes the thermodynamic behavior of the system by quantifying the changes in temperature as the system is compressed or expanded. Using Wind spacecraft plasma and magnetic field data during 1995 February-2015 December, we investigate the thermodynamic evolution in 336 interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events. For each event, we derive the index γ in the sheath and magnetic ejecta structures, along with the pre- and post-event regions. We then examine the distributions of all γ indices in these four regions and derive the entropic gradient of each, which is indicative of the ambient heating. We find that in the ICME sheath region, where wave turbulence is expected to be highest, the thermodynamics takes longest to recover into the original quasi-adiabatic process, while it recovers faster in the quieter ejecta region. This pattern creates a thermodynamic cycle, featuring a near adiabatic value γ ∼ γ a (=5/3) upstream of the ICMEs, γ a − γ ∼ 0.26 in the sheaths, γ a − γ ∼ 0.13 in the ICME ejecta, and recovers again to γ ∼ γ a after the passage of the ICME. These results expose the turbulent heating rates in the ICME plasma: the lower the polytropic index from its adiabatic value and closer to its isothermal value, the larger the entropic gradient, and thus, the rate of turbulent heating that heats the ICME plasma.
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U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/aca673
DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/aca673
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85144554583
SN - 2041-8205
VL - 941
JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters
JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters
IS - 2
M1 - L26
ER -