Plasma species mix diagnostic using ion-ion hybrid layer reflectometry

A superheterodyne reflectometer could provide a direct and inexpensive measurement of ion species mixes with different charge-to-mass ratios. Using the cold plasma dispersion relation, the ion-ion hybrid cutoff frequency is uniquely determined by the density ratio and cyclotron frequencies of the two different species. The phase of a 20 MHz wave that travels from the launching point to the cutoff layer to the receiving antenna provides a direct measure of the hydrogen : deuterium species mix. In the first experiment, a fast Alfvén wave is launched perpendicular to a hydrogen-deuterium plasma from the low field side of the DIII-D tokamak. Quantitative measurements observe a hydrogen concentration range of 3-67% and a maximum penetration depth of 0.60m. Corroborative values are obtained from two independent diagnostics. In the second experiment, the fast Alfvén wave is launched from the high field side (HFS) during a hydrogen puffing experiment. The results suggest that a wave launched from the HFS is able to tunnel through the resonance-layer and reflect back to the receiving antenna.