Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

P. A.R. Ade; N. Aghanim; M. Arnaud; M. Ashdown; J. Aumont; C. Baccigalupi; A. Balbi; A. J. Banday; R. B. Barreiro; J. G. Bartlett; E. Battaner; K. Benabed; A. Benoît; J. P. Bernard; M. Bersanelli; R. Bhatia; A. Bonaldi; L. Bonavera; J. R. Bond; J. Borrill; F. R. Bouchet; M. Bucher; C. Burigana; R. C. Butler; P. Cabella; C. M. Cantalupo; B. Cappellini; J. F. Cardoso; P. Carvalho; A. Catalano; L. Cayón; A. Challinor; A. Chamballu; R. R. Chary; X. Chen; L. Y. Chiang; C. Chiang; P. R. Christensen; D. L. Clements; S. Colombi; F. Couchot; A. Coulais; B. P. Crill; F. Cuttaia; L. Danese; R. J. Davis; P. De Bernardis; A. De Rosa; G. De Zotti; J. Delabrouille; J. M. Delouis; F. X. Désert; C. Dickinson; J. M. Diego; K. Dolag; H. Dole; S. Donzelli; O. Doré; U. Dörl; M. Douspis; X. Dupac; G. Efstathiou; T. A. Enßlin; H. K. Eriksen; F. Finelli; O. Forni; P. Fosalba; M. Frailis; E. Franceschi; S. Galeotta; K. Ganga; M. Giard; Y. Giraud-Héraud; J. González-Nuevo; K. M. Górski; S. Gratton; A. Gregorio; A. Gruppuso; J. Haissinski; F. K. Hansen; D. Harrison; G. Helou; S. Henrot-Versillé; C. Hernández-Monteagudo; D. Herranz; S. R. Hildebrandt; E. Hivon; M. Hobson; W. A. Holmes; A. Hornstrup; W. Hovest; R. J. Hoyland; K. M. Huffenberger; M. Huynh; A. H. Jaffe; W. C. Jones; M. Juvela; E. Keihänen; R. Keskitalo; T. S. Kisner; R. Kneissl; L. Knox; H. Kurki-Suonio; G. Lagache; A. Lähteenmäki; J. M. Lamarre; A. Lasenby; R. J. Laureijs; C. R. Lawrence; S. Leach; J. P. Leahy; R. Leonardi; J. León-Tavares; C. Leroy; P. B. Lilje; M. Linden-Vørnle; M. López-Caniego; P. M. Lubin; J. F. MacÍas-Pérez; C. J. MacTavish; B. Maffei; G. Maggio; D. Maino; N. Mandolesi; R. Mann; M. Maris; F. Marleau; D. J. Marshall; E. Martínez-González; S. Masi; M. Massardi; S. Matarrese; F. Matthai; P. Mazzotta; P. McGehee; P. R. Meinhold; A. Melchiorri; J. B. Melin; L. Mendes; A. Mennella; S. Mitra; M. A. Miville-Deschênes; A. Moneti; L. Montier; G. Morgante; D. Mortlock; D. Munshi; A. Murphy; P. Naselsky; P. Natoli; C. B. Netterfield; H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen; F. Noviello; D. Novikov; I. Novikov; I. J. O'Dwyer; S. Osborne; F. Pajot; R. Paladini; B. Partridge; F. Pasian; G. Patanchon; T. J. Pearson; O. Perdereau; L. Perotto; F. Perrotta; F. Piacentini; M. Piat; R. Piffaretti; S. Plaszczynski; P. Platania; E. Pointecouteau; G. Polenta; N. Ponthieu; T. Poutanen; G. W. Pratt; G. Prézeau; S. Prunet; J. L. Puget; J. P. Rachen; W. T. Reach; R. Rebolo; M. Reinecke; C. Renault; S. Ricciardi; T. Riller; I. Ristorcelli; G. Rocha; C. Rosset; M. Rowan-Robinson; J. A. Rubiño-Martín; B. Rusholme; A. Sajina; M. Sandri; D. Santos; G. Savini; B. M. Schaefer; D. Scott; M. D. Seiffert; P. Shellard; G. F. Smoot; J. L. Starck; F. Stivoli; V. Stolyarov; R. Sudiwala; R. Sunyaev; J. F. Sygnet; J. A. Tauber; D. Tavagnacco; L. Terenzi; L. Toffolatti; M. Tomasi; J. P. Torre; M. Tristram; J. Tuovinen; M. Türler; G. Umana; L. Valenziano; J. Valiviita; J. Varis; P. Vielva; F. Villa; N. Vittorio; L. A. Wade; B. D. Wandelt; S. D.M. White; A. Wilkinson; D. Yvon; A. Zacchei; A. Zonca

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116474

Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

P. A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, J. G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoît, J. P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, R. Bhatia, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, J. R. Bond, J. BorrillF. R. Bouchet, M. Bucher, C. Burigana, R. C. Butler, P. Cabella, C. M. Cantalupo, B. Cappellini, J. F. Cardoso, P. Carvalho, A. Catalano, L. Cayón, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, R. R. Chary, X. Chen, L. Y. Chiang, C. Chiang, P. R. Christensen, D. L. Clements, S. Colombi, F. Couchot, A. Coulais, B. P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R. J. Davis, P. De Bernardis, A. De Rosa, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J. M. Delouis, F. X. Désert, C. Dickinson, J. M. Diego, K. Dolag, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Doré, U. Dörl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T. A. Enßlin, H. K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, M. Giard, Y. Giraud-Héraud, J. González-Nuevo, K. M. Górski, S. Gratton, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, J. Haissinski, F. K. Hansen, D. Harrison, G. Helou, S. Henrot-Versillé, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S. R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W. A. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, R. J. Hoyland, K. M. Huffenberger, M. Huynh, A. H. Jaffe, W. C. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, T. S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, L. Knox, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lähteenmäki, J. M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, R. J. Laureijs, C. R. Lawrence, S. Leach, J. P. Leahy, R. Leonardi, J. León-Tavares, C. Leroy, P. B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P. M. Lubin, J. F. MacÍas-Pérez, C. J. MacTavish, B. Maffei, G. Maggio, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, R. Mann, M. Maris, F. Marleau, D. J. Marshall, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, F. Matthai, P. Mazzotta, P. McGehee, P. R. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, J. B. Melin, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M. A. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, P. Natoli, C. B. Netterfield, H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, I. J. O'Dwyer, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, T. J. Pearson, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, R. Piffaretti, S. Plaszczynski, P. Platania, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, N. Ponthieu, T. Poutanen, G. W. Pratt, G. Prézeau, S. Prunet, J. L. Puget, J. P. Rachen, W. T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rowan-Robinson, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, B. Rusholme, A. Sajina, M. Sandri, D. Santos, G. Savini, B. M. Schaefer, D. Scott, M. D. Seiffert, P. Shellard, G. F. Smoot, J. L. Starck, F. Stivoli, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, J. F. Sygnet, J. A. Tauber, D. Tavagnacco, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, J. P. Torre, M. Tristram, J. Tuovinen, M. Türler, G. Umana, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L. A. Wade, B. D. Wandelt, S. D.M. White, A. Wilkinson, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

132 Scopus citations

Abstract

A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	A7
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	536
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116474
State	Published - 2011

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

Catalogs
Cosmology
Radio continuum
Submillimeter
Surveys
general
observations

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361/201116474

Cite this

Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., ... Zonca, A. (2011). Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 536, Article A7. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116474

@article{3eceb510301c4c1eb988c22d3cd3937b,

title = "Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue",

abstract = "A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in {"}clean{"} regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.",

keywords = "Catalogs, Cosmology, Radio continuum, Submillimeter, Surveys, general, observations",

author = "Ade, {P. A.R.} and N. Aghanim and M. Arnaud and M. Ashdown and J. Aumont and C. Baccigalupi and A. Balbi and Banday, {A. J.} and Barreiro, {R. B.} and Bartlett, {J. G.} and E. Battaner and K. Benabed and A. Beno{\^i}t and Bernard, {J. P.} and M. Bersanelli and R. Bhatia and A. Bonaldi and L. Bonavera and Bond, {J. R.} and J. Borrill and Bouchet, {F. R.} and M. Bucher and C. Burigana and Butler, {R. C.} and P. Cabella and Cantalupo, {C. M.} and B. Cappellini and Cardoso, {J. F.} and P. Carvalho and A. Catalano and L. Cay{\'o}n and A. Challinor and A. Chamballu and Chary, {R. R.} and X. Chen and Chiang, {L. Y.} and C. Chiang and Christensen, {P. R.} and Clements, {D. L.} and S. Colombi and F. Couchot and A. Coulais and Crill, {B. P.} and F. Cuttaia and L. Danese and Davis, {R. J.} and {De Bernardis}, P. and {De Rosa}, A. and {De Zotti}, G. and J. Delabrouille and Delouis, {J. M.} and D{\'e}sert, {F. X.} and C. Dickinson and Diego, {J. M.} and K. Dolag and H. Dole and S. Donzelli and O. Dor{\'e} and U. D{\"o}rl and M. Douspis and X. Dupac and G. Efstathiou and En{\ss}lin, {T. A.} and Eriksen, {H. K.} and F. Finelli and O. Forni and P. Fosalba and M. Frailis and E. Franceschi and S. Galeotta and K. Ganga and M. Giard and Y. Giraud-H{\'e}raud and J. Gonz{\'a}lez-Nuevo and G{\'o}rski, {K. M.} and S. Gratton and A. Gregorio and A. Gruppuso and J. Haissinski and Hansen, {F. K.} and D. Harrison and G. Helou and S. Henrot-Versill{\'e} and C. Hern{\'a}ndez-Monteagudo and D. Herranz and Hildebrandt, {S. R.} and E. Hivon and M. Hobson and Holmes, {W. A.} and A. Hornstrup and W. Hovest and Hoyland, {R. J.} and Huffenberger, {K. M.} and M. Huynh and Jaffe, {A. H.} and Jones, {W. C.} and M. Juvela and E. Keih{\"a}nen and R. Keskitalo and Kisner, {T. S.} and R. Kneissl and L. Knox and H. Kurki-Suonio and G. Lagache and A. L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki and Lamarre, {J. M.} and A. Lasenby and Laureijs, {R. J.} and Lawrence, {C. R.} and S. Leach and Leahy, {J. P.} and R. Leonardi and J. Le{\'o}n-Tavares and C. Leroy and Lilje, {P. B.} and M. Linden-V{\o}rnle and M. L{\'o}pez-Caniego and Lubin, {P. M.} and Mac{\'I}as-P{\'e}rez, {J. F.} and MacTavish, {C. J.} and B. Maffei and G. Maggio and D. Maino and N. Mandolesi and R. Mann and M. Maris and F. Marleau and Marshall, {D. J.} and E. Mart{\'i}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez and S. Masi and M. Massardi and S. Matarrese and F. Matthai and P. Mazzotta and P. McGehee and Meinhold, {P. R.} and A. Melchiorri and Melin, {J. B.} and L. Mendes and A. Mennella and S. Mitra and Miville-Desch{\^e}nes, {M. A.} and A. Moneti and L. Montier and G. Morgante and D. Mortlock and D. Munshi and A. Murphy and P. Naselsky and P. Natoli and Netterfield, {C. B.} and N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen, {H. U.} and F. Noviello and D. Novikov and I. Novikov and O'Dwyer, {I. J.} and S. Osborne and F. Pajot and R. Paladini and B. Partridge and F. Pasian and G. Patanchon and Pearson, {T. J.} and O. Perdereau and L. Perotto and F. Perrotta and F. Piacentini and M. Piat and R. Piffaretti and S. Plaszczynski and P. Platania and E. Pointecouteau and G. Polenta and N. Ponthieu and T. Poutanen and Pratt, {G. W.} and G. Pr{\'e}zeau and S. Prunet and Puget, {J. L.} and Rachen, {J. P.} and Reach, {W. T.} and R. Rebolo and M. Reinecke and C. Renault and S. Ricciardi and T. Riller and I. Ristorcelli and G. Rocha and C. Rosset and M. Rowan-Robinson and Rubi{\~n}o-Mart{\'i}n, {J. A.} and B. Rusholme and A. Sajina and M. Sandri and D. Santos and G. Savini and Schaefer, {B. M.} and D. Scott and Seiffert, {M. D.} and P. Shellard and Smoot, {G. F.} and Starck, {J. L.} and F. Stivoli and V. Stolyarov and R. Sudiwala and R. Sunyaev and Sygnet, {J. F.} and Tauber, {J. A.} and D. Tavagnacco and L. Terenzi and L. Toffolatti and M. Tomasi and Torre, {J. P.} and M. Tristram and J. Tuovinen and M. T{\"u}rler and G. Umana and L. Valenziano and J. Valiviita and J. Varis and P. Vielva and F. Villa and N. Vittorio and Wade, {L. A.} and Wandelt, {B. D.} and White, {S. D.M.} and A. Wilkinson and D. Yvon and A. Zacchei and A. Zonca",

note = "Funding Information: The production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue was funded by NASA and carried out at the US Planck Data Center at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, on behalf of and in collaboration with the LFI and HFI Data Processing Centers and with many contributions by members of the Planck Collaboration. The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members with the technical or scientific activities they have been involved into, can be found at http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Collaboration",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201116474",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "536",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Ade, PAR, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartlett, JG, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Bernard, JP, Bersanelli, M, Bhatia, R, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, CM, Cappellini, B, Cardoso, JF, Carvalho, P, Catalano, A, Cayón, L, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chary, RR, Chen, X, Chiang, LY, Chiang, C, Christensen, PR, Clements, DL, Colombi, S, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, BP, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, RJ, De Bernardis, P, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, JM, Désert, FX, Dickinson, C, Diego, JM, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Dörl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Enßlin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, KM, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Haissinski, J, Hansen, FK, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Henrot-Versillé, S, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, SR, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, WA, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Hoyland, RJ, Huffenberger, KM, Huynh, M, Jaffe, AH, Jones, WC, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, TS, Kneissl, R, Knox, L, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, JM, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, RJ, Lawrence, CR, Leach, S, Leahy, JP, Leonardi, R, León-Tavares, J, Leroy, C, Lilje, PB, Linden-Vørnle, M, López-Caniego, M, Lubin, PM, MacÍas-Pérez, JF, MacTavish, CJ, Maffei, B, Maggio, G, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mann, R, Maris, M, Marleau, F, Marshall, DJ, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, McGehee, P, Meinhold, PR, Melchiorri, A, Melin, JB, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschênes, MA, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, A, Naselsky, P, Natoli, P, Netterfield, CB, Nørgaard-Nielsen, HU, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, O'Dwyer, IJ, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Pearson, TJ, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piffaretti, R, Plaszczynski, S, Platania, P, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Poutanen, T, Pratt, GW, Prézeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, JL, Rachen, JP, Reach, WT, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubiño-Martín, JA, Rusholme, B, Sajina, A, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Schaefer, BM, Scott, D, Seiffert, MD, Shellard, P, Smoot, GF, Starck, JL, Stivoli, F, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sygnet, JF, Tauber, JA, Tavagnacco, D, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, JP, Tristram, M, Tuovinen, J, Türler, M, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, LA, Wandelt, BD, White, SDM, Wilkinson, A, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A & Zonca, A 2011, 'Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 536, A7. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116474

TY - JOUR

T1 - Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

AU - Ade, P. A.R.

AU - Aghanim, N.

AU - Arnaud, M.

AU - Ashdown, M.

AU - Aumont, J.

AU - Baccigalupi, C.

AU - Balbi, A.

AU - Banday, A. J.

AU - Barreiro, R. B.

AU - Bartlett, J. G.

AU - Battaner, E.

AU - Benabed, K.

AU - Benoît, A.

AU - Bernard, J. P.

AU - Bersanelli, M.

AU - Bhatia, R.

AU - Bonaldi, A.

AU - Bonavera, L.

AU - Bond, J. R.

AU - Borrill, J.

AU - Bouchet, F. R.

AU - Bucher, M.

AU - Burigana, C.

AU - Butler, R. C.

AU - Cabella, P.

AU - Cantalupo, C. M.

AU - Cappellini, B.

AU - Cardoso, J. F.

AU - Carvalho, P.

AU - Catalano, A.

AU - Cayón, L.

AU - Challinor, A.

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N1 - Funding Information: The production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue was funded by NASA and carried out at the US Planck Data Center at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, on behalf of and in collaboration with the LFI and HFI Data Processing Centers and with many contributions by members of the Planck Collaboration. The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members with the technical or scientific activities they have been involved into, can be found at http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Collaboration

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.

AB - A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.

KW - Catalogs

KW - Cosmology

KW - Radio continuum

KW - Submillimeter

KW - Surveys

KW - general

KW - observations

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80052253759&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80052253759&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116474

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116474

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:80052253759

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 536

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A7

ER -

Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

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