Abstract
A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | A7 |
| Journal | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| Volume | 536 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2011 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
Keywords
- Catalogs
- Cosmology
- Radio continuum
- Submillimeter
- Surveys
- general
- observations
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Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue. / Ade, P. A.R.; Aghanim, N.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Balbi, A.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartlett, J. G.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Bernard, J. P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bhatia, R.; Bonaldi, A.; Bonavera, L.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Cabella, P.; Cantalupo, C. M.; Cappellini, B.; Cardoso, J. F.; Carvalho, P.; Catalano, A.; Cayón, L.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chary, R. R.; Chen, X.; Chiang, L. Y.; Chiang, C.; Christensen, P. R.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davis, R. J.; De Bernardis, P.; De Rosa, A.; De Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Delouis, J. M.; Désert, F. X.; Dickinson, C.; Diego, J. M.; Dolag, K.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Dörl, U.; Douspis, M.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Fosalba, P.; Frailis, M.; Franceschi, E.; Galeotta, S.; Ganga, K.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Haissinski, J.; Hansen, F. K.; Harrison, D.; Helou, G.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Hoyland, R. J.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Huynh, M.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knox, L.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Lamarre, J. M.; Lasenby, A.; Laureijs, R. J.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leach, S.; Leahy, J. P.; Leonardi, R.; León-Tavares, J.; Leroy, C.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; MacÍas-Pérez, J. F.; MacTavish, C. J.; Maffei, B.; Maggio, G.; Maino, D.; Mandolesi, N.; Mann, R.; Maris, M.; Marleau, F.; Marshall, D. J.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Massardi, M.; Matarrese, S.; Matthai, F.; Mazzotta, P.; McGehee, P.; Meinhold, P. R.; Melchiorri, A.; Melin, J. B.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M. A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, A.; Naselsky, P.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; O'Dwyer, I. J.; Osborne, S.; Pajot, F.; Paladini, R.; Partridge, B.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Pearson, T. J.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Piffaretti, R.; Plaszczynski, S.; Platania, P.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Ponthieu, N.; Poutanen, T.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J. L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reach, W. T.; Rebolo, R.; Reinecke, M.; Renault, C.; Ricciardi, S.; Riller, T.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Rubiño-Martín, J. A.; Rusholme, B.; Sajina, A.; Sandri, M.; Santos, D.; Savini, G.; Schaefer, B. M.; Scott, D.; Seiffert, M. D.; Shellard, P.; Smoot, G. F.; Starck, J. L.; Stivoli, F.; Stolyarov, V.; Sudiwala, R.; Sunyaev, R.; Sygnet, J. F.; Tauber, J. A.; Tavagnacco, D.; Terenzi, L.; Toffolatti, L.; Tomasi, M.; Torre, J. P.; Tristram, M.; Tuovinen, J.; Türler, M.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Varis, J.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Vittorio, N.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; White, S. D.M.; Wilkinson, A.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 536, A7, 2011.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Planck early results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalogue
AU - Ade, P. A.R.
AU - Aghanim, N.
AU - Arnaud, M.
AU - Ashdown, M.
AU - Aumont, J.
AU - Baccigalupi, C.
AU - Balbi, A.
AU - Banday, A. J.
AU - Barreiro, R. B.
AU - Bartlett, J. G.
AU - Battaner, E.
AU - Benabed, K.
AU - Benoît, A.
AU - Bernard, J. P.
AU - Bersanelli, M.
AU - Bhatia, R.
AU - Bonaldi, A.
AU - Bonavera, L.
AU - Bond, J. R.
AU - Borrill, J.
AU - Bouchet, F. R.
AU - Bucher, M.
AU - Burigana, C.
AU - Butler, R. C.
AU - Cabella, P.
AU - Cantalupo, C. M.
AU - Cappellini, B.
AU - Cardoso, J. F.
AU - Carvalho, P.
AU - Catalano, A.
AU - Cayón, L.
AU - Challinor, A.
AU - Chamballu, A.
AU - Chary, R. R.
AU - Chen, X.
AU - Chiang, L. Y.
AU - Chiang, C.
AU - Christensen, P. R.
AU - Clements, D. L.
AU - Colombi, S.
AU - Couchot, F.
AU - Coulais, A.
AU - Crill, B. P.
AU - Cuttaia, F.
AU - Danese, L.
AU - Davis, R. J.
AU - De Bernardis, P.
AU - De Rosa, A.
AU - De Zotti, G.
AU - Delabrouille, J.
AU - Delouis, J. M.
AU - Désert, F. X.
AU - Dickinson, C.
AU - Diego, J. M.
AU - Dolag, K.
AU - Dole, H.
AU - Donzelli, S.
AU - Doré, O.
AU - Dörl, U.
AU - Douspis, M.
AU - Dupac, X.
AU - Efstathiou, G.
AU - Enßlin, T. A.
AU - Eriksen, H. K.
AU - Finelli, F.
AU - Forni, O.
AU - Fosalba, P.
AU - Frailis, M.
AU - Franceschi, E.
AU - Galeotta, S.
AU - Ganga, K.
AU - Giard, M.
AU - Giraud-Héraud, Y.
AU - González-Nuevo, J.
AU - Górski, K. M.
AU - Gratton, S.
AU - Gregorio, A.
AU - Gruppuso, A.
AU - Haissinski, J.
AU - Hansen, F. K.
AU - Harrison, D.
AU - Helou, G.
AU - Henrot-Versillé, S.
AU - Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
AU - Herranz, D.
AU - Hildebrandt, S. R.
AU - Hivon, E.
AU - Hobson, M.
AU - Holmes, W. A.
AU - Hornstrup, A.
AU - Hovest, W.
AU - Hoyland, R. J.
AU - Huffenberger, K. M.
AU - Huynh, M.
AU - Jaffe, A. H.
AU - Jones, W. C.
AU - Juvela, M.
AU - Keihänen, E.
AU - Keskitalo, R.
AU - Kisner, T. S.
AU - Kneissl, R.
AU - Knox, L.
AU - Kurki-Suonio, H.
AU - Lagache, G.
AU - Lähteenmäki, A.
AU - Lamarre, J. M.
AU - Lasenby, A.
AU - Laureijs, R. J.
AU - Lawrence, C. R.
AU - Leach, S.
AU - Leahy, J. P.
AU - Leonardi, R.
AU - León-Tavares, J.
AU - Leroy, C.
AU - Lilje, P. B.
AU - Linden-Vørnle, M.
AU - López-Caniego, M.
AU - Lubin, P. M.
AU - MacÍas-Pérez, J. F.
AU - MacTavish, C. J.
AU - Maffei, B.
AU - Maggio, G.
AU - Maino, D.
AU - Mandolesi, N.
AU - Mann, R.
AU - Maris, M.
AU - Marleau, F.
AU - Marshall, D. J.
AU - Martínez-González, E.
AU - Masi, S.
AU - Massardi, M.
AU - Matarrese, S.
AU - Matthai, F.
AU - Mazzotta, P.
AU - McGehee, P.
AU - Meinhold, P. R.
AU - Melchiorri, A.
AU - Melin, J. B.
AU - Mendes, L.
AU - Mennella, A.
AU - Mitra, S.
AU - Miville-Deschênes, M. A.
AU - Moneti, A.
AU - Montier, L.
AU - Morgante, G.
AU - Mortlock, D.
AU - Munshi, D.
AU - Murphy, A.
AU - Naselsky, P.
AU - Natoli, P.
AU - Netterfield, C. B.
AU - Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
AU - Noviello, F.
AU - Novikov, D.
AU - Novikov, I.
AU - O'Dwyer, I. J.
AU - Osborne, S.
AU - Pajot, F.
AU - Paladini, R.
AU - Partridge, B.
AU - Pasian, F.
AU - Patanchon, G.
AU - Pearson, T. J.
AU - Perdereau, O.
AU - Perotto, L.
AU - Perrotta, F.
AU - Piacentini, F.
AU - Piat, M.
AU - Piffaretti, R.
AU - Plaszczynski, S.
AU - Platania, P.
AU - Pointecouteau, E.
AU - Polenta, G.
AU - Ponthieu, N.
AU - Poutanen, T.
AU - Pratt, G. W.
AU - Prézeau, G.
AU - Prunet, S.
AU - Puget, J. L.
AU - Rachen, J. P.
AU - Reach, W. T.
AU - Rebolo, R.
AU - Reinecke, M.
AU - Renault, C.
AU - Ricciardi, S.
AU - Riller, T.
AU - Ristorcelli, I.
AU - Rocha, G.
AU - Rosset, C.
AU - Rowan-Robinson, M.
AU - Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
AU - Rusholme, B.
AU - Sajina, A.
AU - Sandri, M.
AU - Santos, D.
AU - Savini, G.
AU - Schaefer, B. M.
AU - Scott, D.
AU - Seiffert, M. D.
AU - Shellard, P.
AU - Smoot, G. F.
AU - Starck, J. L.
AU - Stivoli, F.
AU - Stolyarov, V.
AU - Sudiwala, R.
AU - Sunyaev, R.
AU - Sygnet, J. F.
AU - Tauber, J. A.
AU - Tavagnacco, D.
AU - Terenzi, L.
AU - Toffolatti, L.
AU - Tomasi, M.
AU - Torre, J. P.
AU - Tristram, M.
AU - Tuovinen, J.
AU - Türler, M.
AU - Umana, G.
AU - Valenziano, L.
AU - Valiviita, J.
AU - Varis, J.
AU - Vielva, P.
AU - Villa, F.
AU - Vittorio, N.
AU - Wade, L. A.
AU - Wandelt, B. D.
AU - White, S. D.M.
AU - Wilkinson, A.
AU - Yvon, D.
AU - Zacchei, A.
AU - Zonca, A.
N1 - Funding Information: The production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue was funded by NASA and carried out at the US Planck Data Center at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, on behalf of and in collaboration with the LFI and HFI Data Processing Centers and with many contributions by members of the Planck Collaboration. The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members with the technical or scientific activities they have been involved into, can be found at http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Collaboration
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.
AB - A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. Four source detection algorithms were run as part of the ERCSC pipeline. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is ≤90%. There is no requirement on completeness for the ERCSC. As a result of the Monte-Carlo assessment of reliability of sources from the different techniques, an implementation of the PowellSnakes source extraction technique was used at the five frequencies between 30 and 143 GHz while the SExtractor technique was used between 217 and 857GHz. The 10σ photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b| > 30 is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of 2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multifrequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15 000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities.
KW - Catalogs
KW - Cosmology
KW - Radio continuum
KW - Submillimeter
KW - Surveys
KW - general
KW - observations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80052253759&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80052253759&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116474
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116474
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:80052253759
VL - 536
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - A7
ER -