Abstract
This paper characterizes the effective beams, the effective beam window functions and the associated errors for the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) detectors. The effective beam is theangular response including the effect of the optics, detectors, data processing and the scan strategy. The window function is the representation of this beam in the harmonic domain which is required to recover an unbiased measurement of the cosmic microwave background angular power spectrum. The HFI is a scanning instrument and its effective beams are the convolution of: a) the optical response of the telescope and feeds; b) the processing of the time-ordered data and deconvolution of the bolometric and electronic transfer function; and c) the merging of several surveys to produce maps. The time response transfer functions are measured using observations of Jupiter and Saturn and by minimizing survey difference residuals. The scanning beam is the post-deconvolution angular response of the instrument, and is characterized with observations of Mars. The main beam solid angles are determined to better than 0.5% at each HFI frequency band. Observations of Jupiter and Saturn limit near sidelobes (within 5°) to about 0.1% of the total solid angle. Time response residuals remain as long tails in the scanning beams, but contribute less than 0.1% of the total solid angle. The bias and uncertainty in the beam products are estimated using ensembles of simulated planet observations that include the impact of instrumental noise and known systematic effects. The correlation structure of these ensembles is well-described by five error eigenmodes that are sub-dominant to sample variance and instrumental noise in the harmonic domain. A suite of consistency tests provide confidence that the error model represents a sufficient description of the data. The total error in the effective beam window functions is below 1% at 100 GHz up to multipole â.," ~ 1500, and below 0.5% at 143 and 217 GHz up to ~ 2000.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 21535 |
| Journal | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| Volume | 571 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 1 2014 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
Keywords
- Cosmic background radiation
- Cosmology: observations
- Instrumentation: detectors
- Surveys
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Planck 2013 results. VII. HFI time response and beams. / Ade, P. A.R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Atrio-Barandela, F.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J. P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bobin, J.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Bowyer, J. W.; Bridges, M.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Cardoso, J. F.; Catalano, A.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chary, R. R.; Chiang, H. C.; Chiang, L. Y.; Christensen, P. R.; Church, S.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P.L.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; De Bernardis, P.; De Rosa, A.; De Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Delouis, J. M.; Désert, F. X.; Diego, J. M.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Dunkley, J.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Fraisse, A. A.; Franceschi, E.; Galeotta, S.; Ganga, K.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Haissinski, J.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hou, Z.; Hovest, W.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knoche, J.; Knox, L.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lamarre, J. M.; Lasenby, A.; Laureijs, R. J.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leonardi, R.; Leroy, C.; Lesgourgues, J.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; MacIás-Pérez, J. F.; MacTavish, C. J.; Maffei, B.; Mandolesi, N.; Maris, M.; Marshall, D. J.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Massardi, M.; Matarrese, S.; Matsumura, T.; Matthai, F.; Mazzotta, P.; McGehee, P.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M. A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Osborne, S.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polegre, A. M.; Polenta, G.; Ponthieu, N.; Popa, L.; Poutanen, T.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J. L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Ricciardi, S.; Riller, T.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Roudier, G.; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Rusholme, B.; Sandri, M.; Santos, D.; Sauvé, A.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Shellard, E. P.S.; Spencer, L. D.; Starck, J. L.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sureau, F.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A. S.; Sygnet, J. F.; Tauber, J. A.; Tavagnacco, D.; Terenzi, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Vittorio, N.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 571, 21535, 01.11.2014.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Planck 2013 results. VII. HFI time response and beams
AU - Ade, P. A.R.
AU - Aghanim, N.
AU - Armitage-Caplan, C.
AU - Arnaud, M.
AU - Ashdown, M.
AU - Atrio-Barandela, F.
AU - Aumont, J.
AU - Baccigalupi, C.
AU - Banday, A. J.
AU - Barreiro, R. B.
AU - Battaner, E.
AU - Benabed, K.
AU - Benoît, A.
AU - Benoit-Lévy, A.
AU - Bernard, J. P.
AU - Bersanelli, M.
AU - Bielewicz, P.
AU - Bobin, J.
AU - Bock, J. J.
AU - Bond, J. R.
AU - Borrill, J.
AU - Bouchet, F. R.
AU - Bowyer, J. W.
AU - Bridges, M.
AU - Bucher, M.
AU - Burigana, C.
AU - Cardoso, J. F.
AU - Catalano, A.
AU - Challinor, A.
AU - Chamballu, A.
AU - Chary, R. R.
AU - Chiang, H. C.
AU - Chiang, L. Y.
AU - Christensen, P. R.
AU - Church, S.
AU - Clements, D. L.
AU - Colombi, S.
AU - Colombo, L. P.L.
AU - Couchot, F.
AU - Coulais, A.
AU - Crill, B. P.
AU - Curto, A.
AU - Cuttaia, F.
AU - Danese, L.
AU - Davies, R. D.
AU - De Bernardis, P.
AU - De Rosa, A.
AU - De Zotti, G.
AU - Delabrouille, J.
AU - Delouis, J. M.
AU - Désert, F. X.
AU - Diego, J. M.
AU - Dole, H.
AU - Donzelli, S.
AU - Doré, O.
AU - Douspis, M.
AU - Dunkley, J.
AU - Dupac, X.
AU - Efstathiou, G.
AU - Enßlin, T. A.
AU - Eriksen, H. K.
AU - Finelli, F.
AU - Forni, O.
AU - Frailis, M.
AU - Fraisse, A. A.
AU - Franceschi, E.
AU - Galeotta, S.
AU - Ganga, K.
AU - Giard, M.
AU - Giraud-Héraud, Y.
AU - González-Nuevo, J.
AU - Górski, K. M.
AU - Gratton, S.
AU - Gregorio, A.
AU - Gruppuso, A.
AU - Gudmundsson, J. E.
AU - Haissinski, J.
AU - Hansen, F. K.
AU - Hanson, D.
AU - Harrison, D.
AU - Henrot-Versillé, S.
AU - Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
AU - Herranz, D.
AU - Hildebrandt, S. R.
AU - Hivon, E.
AU - Hobson, M.
AU - Holmes, W. A.
AU - Hornstrup, A.
AU - Hou, Z.
AU - Hovest, W.
AU - Huffenberger, K. M.
AU - Jaffe, A. H.
AU - Jaffe, T. R.
AU - Jones, W. C.
AU - Juvela, M.
AU - Keihänen, E.
AU - Keskitalo, R.
AU - Kisner, T. S.
AU - Kneissl, R.
AU - Knoche, J.
AU - Knox, L.
AU - Kunz, M.
AU - Kurki-Suonio, H.
AU - Lagache, G.
AU - Lamarre, J. M.
AU - Lasenby, A.
AU - Laureijs, R. J.
AU - Lawrence, C. R.
AU - Leonardi, R.
AU - Leroy, C.
AU - Lesgourgues, J.
AU - Liguori, M.
AU - Lilje, P. B.
AU - Linden-Vørnle, M.
AU - López-Caniego, M.
AU - Lubin, P. M.
AU - MacIás-Pérez, J. F.
AU - MacTavish, C. J.
AU - Maffei, B.
AU - Mandolesi, N.
AU - Maris, M.
AU - Marshall, D. J.
AU - Martin, P. G.
AU - Martínez-González, E.
AU - Masi, S.
AU - Massardi, M.
AU - Matarrese, S.
AU - Matsumura, T.
AU - Matthai, F.
AU - Mazzotta, P.
AU - McGehee, P.
AU - Melchiorri, A.
AU - Mendes, L.
AU - Mennella, A.
AU - Migliaccio, M.
AU - Mitra, S.
AU - Miville-Deschênes, M. A.
AU - Moneti, A.
AU - Montier, L.
AU - Morgante, G.
AU - Mortlock, D.
AU - Munshi, D.
AU - Murphy, J. A.
AU - Naselsky, P.
AU - Nati, F.
AU - Natoli, P.
AU - Netterfield, C. B.
AU - Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
AU - Noviello, F.
AU - Novikov, D.
AU - Novikov, I.
AU - Osborne, S.
AU - Oxborrow, C. A.
AU - Paci, F.
AU - Pagano, L.
AU - Pajot, F.
AU - Paoletti, D.
AU - Pasian, F.
AU - Patanchon, G.
AU - Perdereau, O.
AU - Perotto, L.
AU - Perrotta, F.
AU - Piacentini, F.
AU - Piat, M.
AU - Pierpaoli, E.
AU - Pietrobon, D.
AU - Plaszczynski, S.
AU - Pointecouteau, E.
AU - Polegre, A. M.
AU - Polenta, G.
AU - Ponthieu, N.
AU - Popa, L.
AU - Poutanen, T.
AU - Pratt, G. W.
AU - Prézeau, G.
AU - Prunet, S.
AU - Puget, J. L.
AU - Rachen, J. P.
AU - Reinecke, M.
AU - Remazeilles, M.
AU - Renault, C.
AU - Ricciardi, S.
AU - Riller, T.
AU - Ristorcelli, I.
AU - Rocha, G.
AU - Rosset, C.
AU - Roudier, G.
AU - Rowan-Robinson, M.
AU - Rusholme, B.
AU - Sandri, M.
AU - Santos, D.
AU - Sauvé, A.
AU - Savini, G.
AU - Scott, D.
AU - Shellard, E. P.S.
AU - Spencer, L. D.
AU - Starck, J. L.
AU - Stolyarov, V.
AU - Stompor, R.
AU - Sudiwala, R.
AU - Sureau, F.
AU - Sutton, D.
AU - Suur-Uski, A. S.
AU - Sygnet, J. F.
AU - Tauber, J. A.
AU - Tavagnacco, D.
AU - Terenzi, L.
AU - Tomasi, M.
AU - Tristram, M.
AU - Tucci, M.
AU - Umana, G.
AU - Valenziano, L.
AU - Valiviita, J.
AU - Van Tent, B.
AU - Vielva, P.
AU - Villa, F.
AU - Vittorio, N.
AU - Wade, L. A.
AU - Wandelt, B. D.
AU - Yvon, D.
AU - Zacchei, A.
AU - Zonca, A.
N1 - Funding Information: The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, including the technical or scientific activities in which they have been involved, can be found at http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=planck&page=Planck_Collaboration .
PY - 2014/11/1
Y1 - 2014/11/1
N2 - This paper characterizes the effective beams, the effective beam window functions and the associated errors for the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) detectors. The effective beam is theangular response including the effect of the optics, detectors, data processing and the scan strategy. The window function is the representation of this beam in the harmonic domain which is required to recover an unbiased measurement of the cosmic microwave background angular power spectrum. The HFI is a scanning instrument and its effective beams are the convolution of: a) the optical response of the telescope and feeds; b) the processing of the time-ordered data and deconvolution of the bolometric and electronic transfer function; and c) the merging of several surveys to produce maps. The time response transfer functions are measured using observations of Jupiter and Saturn and by minimizing survey difference residuals. The scanning beam is the post-deconvolution angular response of the instrument, and is characterized with observations of Mars. The main beam solid angles are determined to better than 0.5% at each HFI frequency band. Observations of Jupiter and Saturn limit near sidelobes (within 5°) to about 0.1% of the total solid angle. Time response residuals remain as long tails in the scanning beams, but contribute less than 0.1% of the total solid angle. The bias and uncertainty in the beam products are estimated using ensembles of simulated planet observations that include the impact of instrumental noise and known systematic effects. The correlation structure of these ensembles is well-described by five error eigenmodes that are sub-dominant to sample variance and instrumental noise in the harmonic domain. A suite of consistency tests provide confidence that the error model represents a sufficient description of the data. The total error in the effective beam window functions is below 1% at 100 GHz up to multipole â.," ~ 1500, and below 0.5% at 143 and 217 GHz up to ~ 2000.
AB - This paper characterizes the effective beams, the effective beam window functions and the associated errors for the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) detectors. The effective beam is theangular response including the effect of the optics, detectors, data processing and the scan strategy. The window function is the representation of this beam in the harmonic domain which is required to recover an unbiased measurement of the cosmic microwave background angular power spectrum. The HFI is a scanning instrument and its effective beams are the convolution of: a) the optical response of the telescope and feeds; b) the processing of the time-ordered data and deconvolution of the bolometric and electronic transfer function; and c) the merging of several surveys to produce maps. The time response transfer functions are measured using observations of Jupiter and Saturn and by minimizing survey difference residuals. The scanning beam is the post-deconvolution angular response of the instrument, and is characterized with observations of Mars. The main beam solid angles are determined to better than 0.5% at each HFI frequency band. Observations of Jupiter and Saturn limit near sidelobes (within 5°) to about 0.1% of the total solid angle. Time response residuals remain as long tails in the scanning beams, but contribute less than 0.1% of the total solid angle. The bias and uncertainty in the beam products are estimated using ensembles of simulated planet observations that include the impact of instrumental noise and known systematic effects. The correlation structure of these ensembles is well-described by five error eigenmodes that are sub-dominant to sample variance and instrumental noise in the harmonic domain. A suite of consistency tests provide confidence that the error model represents a sufficient description of the data. The total error in the effective beam window functions is below 1% at 100 GHz up to multipole â.," ~ 1500, and below 0.5% at 143 and 217 GHz up to ~ 2000.
KW - Cosmic background radiation
KW - Cosmology: observations
KW - Instrumentation: detectors
KW - Surveys
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84908664266&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84908664266&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321535
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321535
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84908664266
VL - 571
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - 21535
ER -