@inproceedings{3326d78893314eea8ed1866a16ed5b20,
title = "Performance-driven hand-drawn animation",
abstract = "We present a novel method for generating performance-driven, {"}hand-drawn{"} animation in real-time. Given an annotated set of hand-drawn faces for various expressions, our algorithm performs multi-way morphs to generate real-time animation that mimics the expressions of a user. Our system consists of a vision-based tracking component and a rendering component. Together, they form an animation system that can be used in a variety of applications, including teleconferencing, multi-user virtual worlds, compressed instructional videos, and consumer-oriented animation kits. This paper describes our algorithms in detail and illustrates the potential for this work in a teleconferencing application. Experience with our implementation suggests that there are several advantages to our hand-drawn characters over other alternatives: (1) flexibility of animation style; (2) increased compression of expression information; and (3) masking of errors made by the face tracking system that are distracting in photorealistic animations.",
keywords = "Animation, Face tracking, Image morphing, Non-photorealistic rendering",
author = "Ian Buck and Adam Finkelstein and Charles Jacobs and Allison Klein and Salesin, {David H.} and Joshua Seims and Richard Szeliski and Kentaro Toyama",
year = "2000",
doi = "10.1145/340916.340929",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "1581132778",
series = "Proceedings first International Symposium on Non Photorealistic Animation and Rendering",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)",
pages = "101--108",
editor = "S.N. Spencer",
booktitle = "Proceedings first International Symposium on Non Photorealistic Animation and Rendering",
address = "United States",
note = "Proceedings First International Symposium on Non Photorealistic Animation and Rendering ; Conference date: 05-06-2000 Through 07-06-2000",
}