Partial time-reversal transformation and entanglement negativity in fermionic systems

Hassan Shapourian, Ken Shiozaki, Shinsei Ryu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

114 Scopus citations

Abstract

The partial transpose of density matrices in many-body quantum systems, in which one takes the transpose only for a subsystem of the full Hilbert space, has been recognized as a useful tool to diagnose quantum entanglement. It can be used, for example, to define the (logarithmic) negativity. For fermionic systems, it has been known that the partial transpose of Gaussian fermionic density matrices is not Gaussian. In this work, we propose to use partial time-reversal transformation to define (an analog of) the entanglement negativity and related quantities. We demonstrate, for the symmetry-protected topological phase realized in the Kitaev chain, the conventional definition of the partial transpose (and hence the entanglement negativity) fails to capture the formation of the edge Majorana fermions, while the partial time reversal computes the quantum dimension of the Majorana fermions. Furthermore, we show that the partial time reversal of fermionic density matrices is Gaussian and can be computed efficiently. Various results (both numerical and analytical) for the entanglement negativity using the partial time reversal are presented for (1+1)-dimensional conformal field theories, and also for fermionic disordered systems (random single phases).

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number165101
JournalPhysical Review B
Volume95
Issue number16
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 3 2017
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Condensed Matter Physics

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