Oxidation of silver electrodes induces transition from conventional to inverted photovoltaic characteristics in polymer solar cells

Jong Bok Kim, Chang Su Kim, Youn Sang Kim, Yueh Lin Loo

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

75 Scopus citations

Abstract

Oxidation of silver top electrodes in polymer solar cells induces the devices to exhibit a transition from conventional to inverted photovoltaic characteristics. As silver oxidizes, its work function increases from 4.3 to 5.0 eV. The silver top electrode thus reverts from collecting electrons to collecting holes during device operation. We have quantified the extent of this transformation and find it to be correlated with the rate of silver oxidation, which we can influence by altering the annealing sequence of the polymer photoactive layer, ultimately varying the grain size of silver in the top electrode.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number183301
JournalApplied Physics Letters
Volume95
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - 2009

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)

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