@article{37d093a1b71e4a7db94456de1afa14dc,
title = "Origins of Diamond Surface Noise Probed by Correlating Single-Spin Measurements with Surface Spectroscopy",
abstract = "The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond exhibits spin-dependent fluorescence and long spin coherence times under ambient conditions, enabling applications in quantum information processing and sensing. NV centers near the surface can have strong interactions with external materials and spins, enabling new forms of nanoscale spectroscopy. However, NV spin coherence degrades within 100 nm of the surface, suggesting that diamond surfaces are plagued with ubiquitous defects. Prior work on characterizing near-surface noise has primarily relied on using NV centers themselves as probes; while this has the advantage of exquisite sensitivity, it provides only indirect information about the origin of the noise. Here we demonstrate that surface spectroscopy methods and single-spin measurements can be used as complementary diagnostics to understand sources of noise. We find that surface morphology is crucial for realizing reproducible chemical termination, and use this insight to achieve a highly ordered, oxygen-terminated surface with suppressed noise. We observe NV centers within 10 nm of the surface with coherence times extended by an order of magnitude.",
author = "Sorawis Sangtawesin and Dwyer, {Bo L.} and Srikanth Srinivasan and Allred, {James J.} and Rodgers, {Lila V.H.} and {De Greve}, Kristiaan and Alastair Stacey and Nikolai Dontschuk and O'Donnell, {Kane M.} and Di Hu and Evans, {D. Andrew} and Cherno Jaye and Fischer, {Daniel A.} and Markham, {Matthew L.} and Twitchen, {Daniel J.} and Hongkun Park and Lukin, {Mikhail D.} and {De Leon}, {Nathalie P.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Adam Gali, Joseph Tabeling, and Jim Butler for numerous discussions about diamond surfaces, Nan Yao, Yao-Wen Yeh, and John Schreiber at the Princeton Imaging and Analysis Center for help with diamond surface characterization, Hans Bechtel and David Kilcoyne at the Advanced Light Source as well as Arthur Woll at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source for advice about surface spectroscopy techniques, and Jeff Thompson for other fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the NSF under the CAREER program (Grant No. DMR-1752047) and through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials, a Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (Grant No. DMR-1420541), and was partially supported by the DARPA DRINQS program (Agreement No. D18AC00015). J. J. A. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and L. V. H. R. acknowledges support from the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. A. S. and N. D. acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council (CE170100012). Part of this research was undertaken on the Soft X-ray spectroscopy beam line at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO. This work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Grant No. 1541959. CNS is part of Harvard University. This research beam line U7A of the National Synchrotron Light Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, is operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevX.9.031052",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Physical Review X",
issn = "2160-3308",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "3",
}